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PHIL 170 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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PHIL 170 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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PHIL 170 Exam 1 Questions With Complete SolutionsWhat's critical thinking? Correct Answers -More than
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arguments
-Critical thinking courses are not a panacea for reasoning
Translating worldview & belief systems into actions & decisions
Correct Answers -Innate decision-making strategies
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-formal tools for decision-making
Benefits From critical thinking Correct Answers 1)
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Understanding the process responsible for one's native reasoning
and decision-making.
2) An awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of one's native
reasoning and decision process.
3) A greater awareness of the world as as well as its multifarious
opportunitues & possibilities together w/the benefits and pitfalls
associated w/those opportunites & possibilities.
4) A desire to strive towards better, more highly evinced, more
complete, & more integrated belief systems & overall view.
Benefits from critical thinking (2) Correct Answers 5) A set of
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skills that augment & compliment one's native reasoning
abilities.
6) The ability to develop & continue to refine as well as
regularly utilize the skills, habits, and infrastructure necessary to
remain informed & effective thinkers.
,7) The ability to continually refine & utilize the skills, habits,
and infastructure to facilitate better, more informed decisions
yeilding more highly-valued outcomes.
Main sources of bad reasoning & decision-making Correct
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Answers Information-based sources
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1) Lack of useable info
-Inadequate or non-existent info
-Miscategorized info
2) False/poorly evinced info
3) Poor estimates of likelihood or possibilties
4) Poorly organized/integrated info
Main sources of bad reasoning & decision making (2) CorrectHH
Answers Info & decision processing sources
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1) Inappropriate processes
-miscategorized problems
-unreliable/incomplete processes
-Multiple/conflicting processes
Main Sources of bad reasoning...(3) Correct Answers Problem-
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based & resource-based sources
1) overly complex problems
-unsolvable problems
-problems that overload working memory w/ too much info
-problems that overload working memory w/ complex
relationships between info.
Native Human Reasoning Correct Answers 1) Relatively
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inflexible
, 2) Have strengths and weaknesses
-info processing limitations
a. limitations in amount of info
b. limitations in complexity of info
3) Tradeoffs in innate reasoning & decision procceses
Realities of critical thinking Correct Answers 1) No changing
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the basic innate architecture of your brain
2) Implications for teaching & learning critical thinking
-Insight into into the innate tendencies of human reasoning
- insight into innate resources human reasoning
-understanding potential benefits/costs
- critical thiking is a lifetime behavior pattern
No changing basic innate architecture of brain Correct Answers
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1) lifestyle change involving
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-a comprehensive understanding of potential benefits of
knowledge & tools presented in such courses
- Insight into how the inheret tendencies of human reasoning
can result in bad reasoning, false/poorly evinced beliefs, & poor
decisions.
- improving reasoning & decision making is analogous to losing
weight or recovering from drug addiction
Potential of critical thinking Correct Answers 1) truth & falsity
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of individual beliefs & decisions
2) beliefs & decisions generate cumulative positive & negative
values
- the compound benefits/costs argument for critical thinking
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