4. The tuning fork lateralizes to the left ear - Answer: 4. The tuning fork lateralizes to the left ear
What are common signs and symptoms of Meniere's Disease? - Answer: Vertigo, tinnitus, ear pressure,
nystagmus
What is our biggest worry for a Meniere's Disease patient? - Answer: There is a possibility for a
potential, permanent hearing loss.
What is rhinitis meidcamentosa? - Answer: Drug-induced rebound nasal congestion, this can happen
after use of nasal decongestants like Afrin. These nasal decongestants should ideally not be used for
greater than 3-5 days because of this risk.
What is herpes keratitis? - Answer: This is an infection of the cornea due to herpes simplex virus
How is herpes keratitis diagnosed? - Answer: By examining the eye under a black lamp and visualized
the cornea, in herpes keratitis, fern like lines will be seen on the cornea
A child that has a history of mononucleosis is at increased risk for development for what cancer later in
life? And why? - Answer: Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Burkitt's Lymphoma, this is due to the exposure of
the Epstein-Barr virus
What types of patients will be at a higher risk of pneumonia? - Answer: Patient with chronic lung
diseases: asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis.
,Why are cough suppressants not helpful in pneumonia patients? - Answer: Because we WANT them to
get that gunk out, we do not want them to hold it in their lungs, an expectorant would be a better
option for these patients.
When should a follow up chest X-Ray be completed after treatment of pneumonia? - Answer: Around 8
week mark
What is COPD? - Answer: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. This is a chronic condition that is
made up of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is a progressive inflammatory lung disease that makes
it hard for the patients to breathe, because the chronic bronchitis leads to mucous build up and the
emphysema portion destroys areas of the lungs.
What signs and symptoms are common in COPD patients? - Answer: Chronic cough
Sputum production
Dyspnea- difficulty breathing
What signs and symptoms are specific to B12 deficiency anemia? - Answer: Neurological symptoms,
paresthesia (numbness and tingling in hands and feet), unsteady gait, memory issues
Beefy red tongue
What diet can result in B12 deficiency? - Answer: Vegan- oral supplements can be used for treatment
What surgery can result in B12 deficiency? - Answer: Gastric surgery- patient will lose intrinsic factor
that is required to absorb B12- these patients will require life long IM B12 injections
What patient population is lupus commonly seen? - Answer: Women of childbearing age- ages 15-45,
African Americans are going to be at higher risk
What is the diagnostic criteria for Lupus? - Answer: Must have 4/11 diagnostic criteria:
Malar rash
Discoid rash
, Photosensitivity
Oral/nasal ulcers
Non-erosive arthritis
Cardio-pulmonary complaints
Renal complaints
Neurological concerns
Immunological disorders
+ ANA test
Hematologic disorders
What is Sjogren's Syndrome and what is the treatment? - Answer: Dry eyes and dry mouth- treatment
revolves around symptom management- artificial tears, hard candies, etc.
Common in lupus patients
What is a major concern for lupus patients? How do we monitor this? - Answer: Impact on the kidneys-
Lupus nephritis
Be on the look out for glomerularnephritis as well as proteinuria
These patients will require routine UA for assessment of their kidneys and protect them
What is the function of the thyroid? - Answer: Viral hormone gland
Metabolism regulation- impacts every SINGLE cell within the body
Proper growth and development across the entire lifespan
What produces TSH? - Answer: Pituitary gland
What is the function of TSH? - Answer: Tells your thyroid when to produce and release those critical
thyroid hormones- T3 and T4.
What disorders include hypothyroidism? - Answer: Iodine deficiency, Hashimoto's, or thyroiditis
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