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Psy1004F - Learning and conditioning Notes $12.50
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  3. University Of Cape Town (UCT)
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  5. Intro to Psychology Part 1

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Psy1004F - Learning and conditioning Notes

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  • Course
  • Intro to Psychology Part 1
  • Institution
  • University Of Cape Town (UCT)

Detailed and comprehensive Lectures notes on learning and conditioning. Covers all content received for the topic in this course. Essential!! To your success in academics!!

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Document information

  • August 11, 2024
  • 9
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Prof. lauren
  • All classes

Subjects

  • psy1004f

Written for

  • University of Cape Town (UCT)
  • Intro to Psychology Part 1
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Learning and conditioning

Learning: Any relatively permanent change in behaviour
- Allows us to adapt to our environment
- Results in physical change in brain
- Brought about by experience or practice

Categories of behaviour
Reflexes
- Involuntary responses to stimuli
- Very fast, reliable responses controlled by the CNS
- Eg. blush, cough, sneeze

Instincts
- Inborn patterns of behaviour
- Eg. mating behaviour, parenting behaviour

Learned behaviour
- Consciously learned behaviours from the environment
- Eg. get a fine when speeding, therefore, you do not speed again
- Eg. get a sticker for good work so I deliver good work again to get another (i.e. reward)

Theoretical perspectives
Humanistic theories (Maslow & Rogers)
- Focus on the potential for personal growth and development in life
- Concept of self-determined potential

Abraham Maslow (Major contributor)
- Concept of self-actualisation
- Educator as a facilitator and not teacher
- Superiority of experiential learning over spectator knowledge

Behaviourist theories (Watson & Skinner)
- Emphasis on importance of scientific methodology
- Believes that only observable behaviours can be scientifically investigated
- Emotions, motivations and thoughts are considered subjective therefore cannot
be quantified or measured
- If learning has occurred, then some sort of observable external behaviour should
be apparent

Cognitive theories (Kohler & Piaget)
- What goes on in the mind determines the observed behaviour
- Emphasises that the mind influences behaviour

, - Explains learning by using internal processes such as thinking and memory
- Learning involves cognitive processes and connections from prior learning that
could be applied to the new situations

Social learning theory
- Learning can be based on the observation and imitation of other people’s behaviours
- Eg. children learn by imitating parents

Associative learning
- Formation of association between stimuli and responses
- Can be voluntary or involuntary
- Predict future from past behaviour
- Antecedent: What happens before the response
- Consequence: What happens after the response

Classical Conditioning: Involuntary, automatic behaviour
- Process by what we learn to associate events or stimuli that frequently happen together
with each other
- Learn to anticipate events




Conditions:
- CS must come before the US
- CS and US must come very close together in time (contiguity)
- CS must be paired with the US a few times for learning to take place
- CS must be distinctive


Basic principles:
Contiguity: Closeness in time between pairing o CS and US
Acquisition: Phase when NS and US are presented together
Stimulus generalisation: Response to a stimulus to original CS
Stimulus discrimination: Capacity to distinguish between similar, but distinct, stimuli

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