Class notes

Psy 1004F; Psychology of learning Notes

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Course
Intro to Psychology Part 1

Institution
University Of Cape Town (UCT)

This is a comprehensive and detailed note that Covers theoretical perspectives on learning, classical and operant conditioning, non-associating learning, observational learning, and cognitive learning.

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Uploaded on August 11, 2024
Number of pages 10
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Prof. lea-ann pileggi
Contains All classes

psy1004f

Institution
University of Cape Town (UCT)
Course
Intro to Psychology Part 1

anyiamgeorge19

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Lear
ning
Contents
Theoretical perspectives........................................................................................................................1
Associative Learning............................................................................................................................2
Classical Conditioning - type 1 of associative learning...................................................................2
Operant Conditioning - Type 2 of Associative Learning.......................................................................4
NON-ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING................................................................................................................7
Habituation........................................................................................................................................8
Sensitisation......................................................................................................................................8
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING...................................................................................................................8
Albert Bandura..................................................................................................................................8
Elements of observational learning...................................................................................................9
COGNITIVE LEARNING...........................................................................................................................9

What is leaning?

“a relatively permanent / enduring change in behaviour or knowledge that results from previous
experience with certain stimuli and responses. It’s an adaptive process through which experience
modifies pre-existing behaviours and understanding” (Ciccarelli et al., p 201-203)

- Relatively permanent change in behaviour
- Allows us to adapt to our environment
- Results in physical brain changes
- Brought about by experience or practice

Reflexes

 Involuntary response to stimuli
 Very fast, reliable (i.e. most people have these) responses controlled by the CNS
 Impossible to change, but possible to control when aware of it.

Instincts

 Inborn patterns of behaviour
 Eg: mating behaviour, parenting behaviour
Learned behaviours

Consciously learned behaviours from the environment

, Theoretical perspectives

1. Humanistic learning theories: Maslow + Carl Rogers

Focuses on the potential for personal growth and development in life.

Self-determined potential: personal growth through personal learning.

Maslow: educator should be a facilitator of learning, not a leader. You should take learning into your
own hands. Superiority of experiential learning over spectator knowledge.

Maslow’s approach of experiential learning was implemented in outcomes-based education
incorporated in SA post-1994.

2. Behaviourist learning theories: Watson + BF Skinner

Emphasises the importance of scientific methodology:
- Belief that only observable behaviours can be scientifically investigated
- Emotions, motivation, and thoughts are considered subjective and therefore cannot be
quantified or measured

If learning has occurred, then some sort of observable external behaviour should be apparent.

Watson believed ‘nurture’ was dominant over ‘nature’.

3. Cognitive learning theories:

Critiques behaviourists for their reductionist approach.
‘What goes on in the mind determines observed behaviour’

How the mind influences behaviour:

- Explains learning by using internal processes such as thinking and memory
- Learning involves cognitive processes and connections from prior learning that can be
applied to new situations. We can adapt because we can remember things we learn.

4. Social Theories:

Learning can be based on the observation and imitation of other people’s behaviour. (Bandura)

Eg: children learn by imitating adults

 Perspectives aren’t mutually exclusive. There are very few situations that can be explained by
one theory.

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Psy 1004F; Psychology of learning Notes

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