Use active recall to complete this practice exam that asks in-depth questions about all the material learned in PHAR121 under the cardiovascular and diabetes modules.
Hypertension Part 1 – 1. General Review of CV System
Is the right heart or left heart more concerning in terms of heart failure? Why?
Describe the first pass effect:
Draw a schematic of the heart and associated venous and arterial systems to help you
remember:
Name the heart valves associated with each:
Left atrium -> Left Ventricle:
Right atrium -> Right Ventricle:
Left ventricle -> Aorta:
Right ventricle -> Pulmonary Artery:
What would dysfunction in left atrium -> left ventricle cause?
Differentiate between capillaries in the following tissues:
Endocrine, small intestine, kidney:
Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle:
Brain:
Describe venules and veins:
Describe lymphatic system:
What is blood pressure?
What is the issue with manual BP measurements? Describe the principles behind BP
measurement:
Based on this schematic, what is the blood pressure?
,Normal BP and resting HR:
What is the benefit of intermittent high blood pressure?
1.2 High Blood Pressure/Hypertension
Is high blood pressure a disease itself? Why or why not? If not, why do we care about it?
Differentiate between sustained and intermittent high blood pressure:
What are the two main consequences of high blood pressure that result in damage?
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What are some of the other consequences of sustained hypertension?
Describe afterload. How can afterload be affected without the presence of high BP?
Healthy blood vessel walls are lined with a blanket of _____________ ______. What happens to
this structure with damage from high BP? Which diseases are arteries vulnerable to due to this
damage/dysfunction?
Hypertension Part 2 – 1.2 Pharmacology of Antihypertensives
, Name the possible pathophysiology of HTN:
The Kidney
How can the kidney play a role in HTN?
How is edema different from volume in vessels?
What do diuretics do?
Why is sodium absorption a part of our physiology if too much Na+ is a problem in diets?
Where are the three locations that Na+ reabsorption happens?
Describe what normal kidney function looks like:
How is sodium handled in different parts of the kidney?
Describe tubuloglomerular feedback:
What are the different classes of diuretics?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Loop Diuretics
What system do these diuretics inhibit? Explain
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