2024 NURS-6521 MID TERM
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 100% RATED
What are effervescent tablets or powders? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Formulations
that produce carbon dioxide bubbles when dissolved in water.
Give examples of effervescent medications. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Effervescent
vitamin C tablets or antacids.
What is the hepatic portal circulation? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The circulation of
blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.
What is first-pass metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Metabolism of a drug that
occurs in the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation.
What medications are used to manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)? -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and
biologic agents.
What are the common medications used to treat Hypertension? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, diuretics, and calcium channel
blockers.
What medications are prescribed for Heart Failure? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>ACE
inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and aldosterone antagonists.
What is the treatment approach for Coronary Artery Disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, statins, and nitroglycerin.
What medications are used to manage COPD? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and phosphodiesterase-4
inhibitors.
What medications are used to manage Parkinson's Disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Levodopa, dopamine agonists, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
What medications are commonly prescribed for Alzheimer's Disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine.
What medications are used for pain relief in osteoarthritis? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen.
,What medications are used to manage rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
What are the types of DMARDs used in rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Methotrexate, biologic agents, and targeted synthetic DMARDs.
What is the mechanism of action of diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate? -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Diphenoxylate is an opioid receptor agonist that slows down
motility in the gastrointestinal tract, while atropine sulfate discourages abuse of
diphenoxylate.
When is diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate used? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>It is
used for the symptomatic treatment of acute or chronic non-specific diarrhea, when non-
pharmacological measures have failed or when opioid-induced diarrhea needs to be
managed.
What are the contraindications of diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>It should be avoided in patients with severe liver disease, known
hypersensitivity to opioids, severe ulcerative colitis, and certain types of infectious
diarrhea (e.g., Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea).
What is the mechanism of action of loperamide? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist that reduces motility, increases
transit time, and decreases stool frequency in the gastrointestinal tract.
When is loperamide used? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>It is used for the symptomatic
relief of acute non-specific diarrhea and for the management of chronic diarrhea
associated with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD).
What are the contraindications of loperamide? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>It should be
avoided in patients with acute dysentery (bloody diarrhea), pseudomembranous colitis,
bacterial enterocolitis, and in children under 2 years of age.
What is the mechanism of action of fiber laxatives? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Increase stool bulk and stimulate bowel movement.
When are fiber laxatives used? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Occasional constipation,
maintaining regular bowel movements, managing IBS with constipation.
What are the contraindications of fiber laxatives? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Intestinal
blockage or narrowing.
What is the mechanism of action of osmotic laxatives? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Draw water into the intestines, soften stool, increase bowel movement.
, When are osmotic laxatives used? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Short-term constipation
treatment, bowel preparation, hepatic encephalopathy.
What are the contraindications of osmotic laxatives? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Renal
impairment, electrolyte imbalances.
What is the mechanism of action of stimulant laxatives? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Irritate intestinal lining, increase bowel contractions.
What can prolonged or excessive use of stimulant laxatives lead to? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Laxative dependency.
What is the mechanism of action of psyllium? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Increase
stool bulk and stimulate bowel movement.
What is the mechanism of action of methylcellulose? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Increase stool bulk and stimulate bowel movement.
What is the mechanism of action of polyethylene glycol (PEG)? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Draw water into the intestines, soften stool, increase bowel movement.
What is the mechanism of action of magnesium hydroxide? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Draw water into the intestines, soften stool, increase bowel movement.
What is the mechanism of action of senna? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Irritate
intestinal lining, increase bowel contractions.
What do lubricant laxatives do? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Coat the stool and
intestines for easier passage.
Why are lubricant laxatives generally used as a last resort? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Potential interference with fat-soluble vitamin absorption and risk of
aspiration pneumonia.
What are the common uses of ondansetron? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Chemotherapy-induced nausea and post-operative nausea and
vomiting.
What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Increases gastric emptying and reduces nausea and vomiting.
What are the common uses of metoclopramide? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Gastroparesis and post-operative nausea and vomiting.
What are the common uses of promethazine? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Motion
sickness and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
