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NR 503 EPIDEMIOLOGY FINAL QUESTIONS WITH AL ANSWERS
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NR 503 EPIDEMIOLOGY FINAL QUESTIONS WITH AL ANSWERS
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NR 503 EPIDEMIOLOGY FINAL QUESTIONS WITH AL ANSWERSWhat is the primary determinant of oncotic pressure? - correct answer-Albumin
B B B B B B B B B B
Form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins - correct answer-Oncotic Pressure
B B B B B B B B B B
What is the difference between adult and child immunity? - correct answer-Naive T Cells
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _________________, which regulates acti
B B B B B B B B B B
ons such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS. - correct answer-Osmoreceptors
B B B B B B B B B B B
What are the causes of dehydration? - correct answer-#Excessive loss
B B B B B B B B B
#Inadequate intake B
#Both
What s/sx are associated with dehydration? - correct answer-#Dry mucous membranes
B B B B B B B B B B
#Decreased skin turgor B B
#Decreased urine output B B
#Low blood pressure
B B
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate B B
#Confusion
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and pH of 7.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does she have? - correct answer-
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Metabolic alkalosis B
The patient's pH and CO2 levels are both elevated (moving in the same direction). This i
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ndicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is at
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
tempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Normal CO2 level - correct answer-35-45
B B B B B
Normal pH level - correct answer-7.35-7.45
B B B B B
,Normal HCO3 level - correct answer-22-26 B B B B B
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. How does pH impact Michael'
B B B B B B B B B B B
s basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 answers.
B B B B B B
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the bloodst
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ream.
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration of H+ makes it easier f
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
or Ca+ to bind to albumin.
B B B B B
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty adding it into the bloodstre
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
am.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
B B B B B B B
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out of the b
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
loodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream. - correct answer- B B B B B B B B B B
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the bloodst
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ream.
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
B B B B B B B
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out of the b
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
loodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream. B B B B B B B
A hormone panel was done on a patient with congestive heart failure and fluid volume ov
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
erload. Which elevated hormone on the patient's chart is indicative of the body's attempt
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
to reduce the fluid overload?
B B B B B
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B B
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
B B B
Aldosterone
Renin - correct answer-BNP B B B
BNP is released when fluid volume excess is present.
B B B B B B B B
Normal sodium level - correct answer-135-145B B B B B
Hyponatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? - correct answer-Na < 135 B B B B B B B B B B B B
Loss of energy or fatigue
B B B B
Nausea and vomiting B B
Headache
Confusion
Muscle spasms B
Low blood pressure B B
,Dark scanty urine
B B
Irritability, disorientation and neurological manifestations
B B B B
Seizures
Hypernatremia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx - correct answer-Na > 145
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Excessive thirst B
Extreme fatigue B
Confusion
Muscle twitching or spasms
B B B
Restlessness
Seizures
Normal potassium level - correct answer-3.5-5.0
B B B B B
Hypokalemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx - correct answer-K < 3.5
B B B B B B B B B B B B
#Muscle fatigue/cramping
B
#Nausea, vomiting, constipation
B B
#Cardiac dysrhythmias B
#Paresthesia (numbness/tingling) B
Hyperkalemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? - correct answer-K > 5.0
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Muscle weakness/paralysis
B
Paresthesia (numbness/tingling) B
Cardiac dysrhythmias
B
Cardiac arrest/MIB
Normal calcium level - correct answer-8.5-10.5
B B B B B
Hypocalcemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? - correct answer-Calcium < 8.5
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Overexcitability of the muscles B B B
Muscle twitching
B
Paresthesia (numbness/tingling) B
Chvostek and Trousseau sign (twitching on the cheek when touched)
B B B B B B B B B
Cardiac dysrhythmias
B
Hypercalcemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? - correct answer-Calcium > 10.5
B B B B B B B B B B B B
Muscle weakness
B
Loss of muscle tone
B B B
Spontaneous fractures B
Kidney stones
B
Cardiac dysrhythmias
B
Normal magnesium level - correct answer-1.6-2.6
B B B B B
, Hypomagnesemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? - correct answer- B B B B B B B B B B
Magnesium level < 1.6 B B B
Tremors
Hyperreflexia
Insomnia
Muscle cramps B
Irregular heart beat B B
Hypermagnesemia is indicated by what lab result? S/Sx? - correct answer- B B B B B B B B B B
Magnesium level > 2.6 B B B
Hyporeflexia
Lethargy
Respiratory depression B
N/V
Slow/Irregular heart beat B B
Tay-Sachs Disease - correct answer- B B B B
An autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele (chrom
B B B B B B B B B B B
osome 15) that leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindne
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ss, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
B B B B B B B B B
Marfan Syndrome - correct answer-
B B B B
Inherited autosomal dominant trait (only one abnormal copy of the Marfan gene inherite
B B B B B B B B B B B B
d from one parent) FBN1 gene. Genetic connective tissue disorder that can affect aorta
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and heart valve structures.
B B B
**If one parent has Marfan syndrome, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the abn
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
ormal gene and developing the condition. If both parents have the condition, the risk of t
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
heir child inheriting the abnormal gene and developing Marfan syndrome increases to 7
B B B B B B B B B B B B
5%.
Turner Syndrome - correct answer-
B B B B
A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, makin
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
g the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Underdeveloped ovaries (sterile) B B
Short stature (under 4' 7")
B B B B
Amenorrhea
Webbing of the neck B B B
Edema
Underdeveloped breasts/wide nipples B B
Respiratory rate increases during exercise. How does this increased respiratory rate all
B B B B B B B B B B B
ow the body to maintain a homeostatic pH level? - correct answer-
B B B B B B B B B B B
The increased exhalation of CO2 helps to increase pH.
B B B B B B B B
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