The documents dwells the reader into the prime chapter of NCERT biology THE HUMAN REPRODUCTION . notes are made in such a way that complete information is bring written in concise way along with the diagrams . you can use the description to build a foundation in your biology subject as well as to w...
HUMAN REPORDUCTION
REPRODUCTIVE EVENTS
GAMETOGENESIS-the formation of sperm in males and ovum in females
INSEMINATION- the transfer of sperms into female genital tract .
FERTILISATION- fusion of male and female gametes to form zygote
IMPLANTATION- formation and development and attachment of blastocyst to the uterine wall
GESTATION-embryonic development
PARTURITION- delivery of the baby
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system is located in the pelvis region
It includes a pair of testes , accessory ducts , glands and the externalia genitalia.
The testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in a pouch called as scrotum
Scrotum helps in maintaining the temp of the testes 2- 2.5 lower than the body temp
The lower temp is responsible for the production of sperms
In adults, each testis is oval in shape, with a length of about 4 to 5 cm and a width of about 2 to
3 cm.
The testis is covered by a dense covering called as tunica albuginea
Each testis is oval in shape has 250 compartments called as testicular lobes .
Each lobule contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules
sperms are produced in seminiferous tubules .
Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called male germ cells
(spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells.
Male germ cells are used for producing male gametes
Sertoli cells are used for nourshing the male germ cell ,it releases some factors which help in
spermiogenesis ( maturation of spematid into sperms )
Outside the seminiferous tubules in the space called as interstitial space in which interstitial cells
(Leydig cells) , blood vessels and immunologically cells are present
Leydig cells will release androgen ( testosterone) under the influence of LH .
Testosterone is necessary for the process of spermatogenesis
Rete testis , vasa efferentia , epididymis,vasa deferens are the accessory ducts
Passage of sperms – seminiferous tubules – rete testis – vasa efferentia – epididymis-vasa
deferens- ejaculatory duct-urethra
The epididymis is located towards the posterior surface of each testis
Vasa deferens + duct from seminiferous tubule = ejaculatory duct
These ducts provide the passage for the sperms along with maturation of the sperms
The urethra starts from the urinary bladder and extends through the penis upto its external
opening called as urethral meatus .
, The external genitalia is called as the penis which is made up of special erectile tissue to
facilitate insemination
The enlarged end of penis called as glans penis covered by loose fold of skin called as foreskin.
The male accessory glands include prostate , bulbourethral, and seminal vesicles out of which
prostate is single gland
Seminal vesicles contribute the maximum to the secretions of these glands , their secretions
contain fructose , calcium , certain enzymes and antibodies . these secretions are called seminal
plasma .
Bulbourethral gland ( cowper) help in lubrication of penis .
DIAGRAM OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Seminal plasma + sperms = semen
, DIAGRAM OF INTERNAL OF TESTES
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSEM
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