Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 1 to 10
Exam portage learning Questions and
Answers 2024
Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 1 to 10
Exam portage learning Questions and
Answers 2024
Topical - Applied to the skin surface or a mucous membrane
Parenteral - Indicates any route other than the digestive tract, the most common of
which are subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intracvenous
Buccal and Sublingual - Medication not actually swallowed, but dissolve in the mouth.
(considered topical)
PO - Orally
NPO - Nothing by mouth
Antiobiotic irrigation - Used commonly in surgery; squirted or poured into the surgical
site
Instillation of a medication - Considred a topical route or application, phenylephrine
(Neo-Synephrine) may be installed into nasal cavity for vasoconstriction during
sinusoscopy, or lidocaine jelly may be installed into the urethra as topical anesthesia for
cystoscopy
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intraarticular
Intrathecal
Intracardiac - What are some routes of parenteral medication?
Subcutanous - Injections given beneath the skin into the subcutaneous tissue layer i.e.
heparin
,Intramuscular - Ketorolac (Toradol) a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for post-
op pain relief
Intravenous - Most medications administered parenterally during surgery are given this
route. Drugs may be given all at once, as a bolus, or by slow infusion.
Intraarticular - Into the joint space
Intrathecal - Within a sheath
Intracardiac - Injected directly into the heart during cardiac arrest resuscitation.
SC - Subcutaneous
IM - Intramuscularly
IV - Intravenously
Pharmokinetics - Focuses on how the body processes drugs
Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation, and Excretion - What are the four processes
of administration that pharmokinetics studies?
Pharmacodynamics - Examines how the action of the drug affects the body
Liver - The primary site for biotransformation is where?
Kidneys - The primary site of excretion is where?
Agonist - Are drugs that bind to or have an affinity for a receptor and cause a particular
response. I.e. Neurotransmitter; acetylcholine and hormones
Antagonist - Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response are called
antagonists. Prevent agonist from causing the intended effect.
Synergist - Drug that enhances the effect of another drug
Additives - Something that is added, as one substance to another, to alter or improve
the general quality or to counteract undesirable properties
Indication - Reason or purpose for giving a medication
Contraindication - Reason against giving a particular drug
Onset - Time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects
, Duration - Time between onset and disappearance of drug effect
Side Effects - Predictable but unintended effect of a drug.
Adverse Effect - Undesired, potentially harmful side effect of a drug.
Hypersensitivity - An adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a
similar drug
Idiosyncratic - Peculiar to one person; highly individualized, Genetic defects
World Health Organization - Acts as the coordinating authority on international public
health. Technical assistance in the drug field, and promoting research on drug abuse.
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 - Set standards for quality and required the proper
labeling of medications
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 - The federal government began to address drug
effectiveness. The act required animal testing of medications
Controlled Substance Act of 1970 - Established classifications known as schedules, of
medications that had potential for abuse. These medications are specifically labeled so
as to be easily identified.
C-I - Schedule I
C-II - Schedule II
C-III - Schedule III
C-IV - Schedule IV
C-V - Schedule I
LSD, Heroin - What are a couple examples of Schedule I class substances?
Alfentanyl, cocaine, and morphine - What are a couple examples of Schedule II class
substances?
Codeine - What is an example of a Schedule III class substance?
High abuse potential No medical use - What is the classification standard for Schedule I
substances?
High Abuse potential
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