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Test bank For Quiz 2 Patient Assessment of Respiratory Care Wilkins' 9th Edition by Al Heuer
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Test bank For Quiz 2 Patient Assessment of Respiratory Care Wilkins' 9th Edition by Al Heuer
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Test bank For Quiz 2 PatientAssessment of Respiratory Care Wilkins'
9th Edition by Al Heuer
Rhonchi - Low-pitched "coarse" crackles that are continuous
Crackles - Discontinuous, abnormal lung sounds (crepitations & rales)
Wheezes - High pitched, continuous lung sounds (sibilant rales, musical rales, sibilant
rhonchus)
Inspiratory and expiratory crackles - Adventitious lung sounds caused by excess airway
secretions moving with airflow (bronchitis, respiratory infections)
Early inspiratory crackles - Adventitious lung sounds caused by the sudden opening of proximal
bronchi. (bronchitis, emphysema, congestive heart failure)
Late inspiratory crackles - Adventitious lung sounds caused by a sudden opening of peripheral
airways (atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, fibrosis)
Bronchophony - An increase in intensity and clarity of vocal resonance
Stridor - Rapid airflow through a narrow site of the upper airway, causing the lateral walls to
vibrate. High pitched sounds during inhalation. Caused by croup, epiglottitis, post extubation
airway edema, laryngeal tumor
Pleural Friction Rub - A creaking or grating type of sound that occurs when the inflamed plueral
membranes rub together
Bronchiovesicular breath sounds - Normal breath sounds heard around the upper part of
sternum, between scapulae with moderate pitch and moderate intensity
Tracheal breath sounds - Normal breath sounds heard over the trachea with high pitch and loud
intensity
Vesicular breath sounds - Normal breath sounds heard over the peripheral lung areas with low
pitch and soft intensity
Vocal Fremitus - Vibrations created by the vocal cords during phonation
, Tactile Fremitus - Vibrations transmitted down the tracheobronchial tree and through the aveoli
to the chest wall. These vibrations are felt on the chest wall
Abdominal Paradox - Due to diaphragm fatigue, the accessory muscles of breathing attempt to
maintain ventilation. Negative intrathoracic pressure causes the diaphragm to be pulled upward
and the abdomen to sink inward during inspiration
Respiratory alternans - Periods of breathing using only the chest wall muscles alternating with
periods of breathing entirely by the diaphragm
Accessory muscles of breathing - Scalenes, sternocleidomastoids, intercostal, pectoral,
trapezius, abdominal wall muscles
Retractions - Inward depression of the skin during inspiration
Bulging - Outward movement of the skin during exhalation
Palpation - The act of touching the chest wall in an effort to evaluate underlying lung structure
and function
Pectus carinatum - Outward sternal protrusion anteriorly
Pectus excavatum - Depression of part or all of the sternum
Kyphosis - Spinal deformity in which the spine has an abnormal anteroposterior curvature
Scoliosis - Spinal deformity in which the spine has a lateral curvature
Kyphoscoliosis - Spinal deformity in which the spine has both a lateral and anteroposterior
curvature
Barrel chest - Abnormal increase in anteroposterior chest diameter. Commonly seen in patients
with emphysema due to hypertrophy of the accessory muscles of breathing and chronic
hyperinflation of the lungs
Tracheal bifurcation - On the anterior chest, the carina is located approximately beneath the
sternal angle and on the posterior chest at approximately T4
Capillary Refill - Identification of the speed at which the blood flow returns following a firm, brief
pressing of the fingernail
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