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Psych 115 Final Exam Study Guide with Questions and Complete Answers

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PSYC 115

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PSYC 115

Aggression behavior with the purpose of harming another Frustration-aggression hypothesis animals aggress when their desires are frustrated Cooperation behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit Group a collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes th...

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Psych 115 Final Exam Study Guide with
Questions and Complete Answers
Aggression ✅behavior with the purpose of harming another

Frustration-aggression hypothesis ✅animals aggress when their desires are frustrated

Cooperation ✅behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit

Group ✅a collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them
from others

Prejudice ✅a positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their group
membership

Common knowledge effect ✅the tendency for group discussions to focus on
information that all members share

Group polarization ✅the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme
than any member would have made alone

Groupthink ✅the tendency for groups to reach consensus in order to facilitate
interpersonal harmony

Deivinduation ✅when immersion in a group causes people to become less concerned
with their personal values

Diffusion of responsibility ✅the tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility
for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way

Social loafing ✅the tendency for people to expend less effort when in a group than
alone

Bystander intervention ✅the act of helping strangers in an emergency situation

Altruism ✅behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself

Kin selection ✅the process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate
with their relatives

,Reciprocal altruism ✅behavior that benefits another with the expectation that those
benefits will be returned in the future

Mere exposure effect ✅the tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of
exposure

Compassionate love ✅an experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a
pattern's well-being

Passionate love ✅an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense
sexual attraction

Social exchange ✅the hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as
they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits

Comparison level ✅the cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could
attain in another relationship

Equity ✅a state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly
equal

Social psychology ✅study the causes and consequences of sociality

Social influence ✅the ability to control another person's behavior

Normative influence ✅another person's behavior provides information about what is
appropriate

Norms ✅customary standards for behavior that are widely shared by members of a
culture

Norm of reciprocity ✅unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have
benefited them

Door-in-the-face technique ✅an influence strategy that involves getting someone to
deny an initial request

Conformity ✅the tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it

Obedience ✅the tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do

Attitude ✅an enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event (tell us
what we should do)

, Belief ✅an enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event (tell us how we
should do it)

Informational influence ✅when another person's behavior provides information about
what is true

Persuasion ✅occurs when a person's attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a
communication from another person

Systematic persuasion ✅the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by
appeals to reason

Heuristic persuasion ✅the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by
appeals to habit or emotion

Foot-in-the-door technique ✅making a small request and then following it with a larger
request

Cognitive dissonance ✅an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the
inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs

Social cognition ✅the process by which people come to understand others

Stereotyping ✅the process by which people draw inferences about others based on
their knowledge of the categories to which others belong

3 things wrong with stereotypes ✅1) inaccurate
2) overused
3) self-perpetuating

Self-fulfilling prophecy ✅the tendency for people to behave as they are expected to
behave

Stereotype threat ✅fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold

Subtyping ✅the tendency for people who receive disconfirming evidence to modify
their stereotypes rather than abandon them

Perceptual confirmation ✅the tendency for people to see what they expect to see

Attributions ✅inferences about the causes of people's behaviors

Covariation model ✅we can distinguish between situational and dispositional
attributions by considering consistency, cosensuality, and distinctiveness of the action

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