PSYCH 115 Exam 1 UCSC Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
PSYC 115
Institution
PSYC 115
Know the characteristics of the Medical Model Disorders arise from Single, Endogenous Pathogens Psychopathology is a static entity (ex: something a person "has") Example (Cummings & Davies 1994a): ADHD stems from endogenous pathogens, such as low dopamine activity and under activity in prefrontal l...
PSYCH 115 Exam 1 UCSC Practice
Questions and Correct Answers
Know the characteristics of the Medical Model ✅Disorders arise from Single,
Endogenous Pathogens
Psychopathology is a static entity (ex: something a person "has")
Example (Cummings & Davies 1994a): ADHD stems from endogenous pathogens, such
as low dopamine activity and under activity in prefrontal lobe
What is the primary manifestation of the Medical Model? ✅DSM-V is the primary
manifestation of the Medical Model
Understand the critiques of the Medical Model / DSM-V and the contrasting DP
perspective. ✅1) The DSM-V assumes that all individuals receiving a given diagnosis
(e.g., depression) experienced the same history or have the same prognosis (likelihood
of positive outcome).
2) Labeling or categorizing abnormal behavior is not the same as explaining how or why
maladaptation occurs
3) DSM-V diagnoses are frequently linked to biological treatments (e.g., drug therapy)
4)Classification/diagnoses (DSM-V) does not properly or adequately account for
comorbidity (e.g., depression and anxiety)
5) A lack of syndromic integrity (e.g., there are similar symptoms for different personality
disorders)
6). Largely an adult oriented enterprise; adult categories are extrapolated downward
toward childhood
Explain Sroufe's schematic representation of the developmental pathways concept.
Specifically, be able to clearly explain each of the four pathways. ✅A) Continuous
Maladaptation
B) Continuous postive adaptation
C) Initial maladaptation followed by positive change (resilience)
D) Initial adaptation followed by negative change (toward pathology)
Know the basic Tenets of DP ✅1) An approach to understanding that normal human
development (adaptation) and the development of psychopathology (maladaptation)
result from complex interplay between multiple intra-individual and contextual influences
2) The concept of developmental pathways: patterns of continuity (adaptation vs.
maladaptation) and patterns of change (resilience vs. initial adaptation followed by
negative change toward pathology)
3) It is useful to describe psychopathology in terms of "deviant pathways" or
"trajectories" of development because most forms of psychopathology result from
multiple causal influences
Multifinality and equifinality
, 4) Psychopathology occurs in a developing organism overtime; a complex result of
myriad risk and protective factors over time
5) Psychopathology is defined by reference to normative patterns of development in
normative environmental contexts
Developmental changes can be seen in age patterns of disordered behavior and in the
incidence of syndromes; we must pay attention to the age of onset to differentiate
similar disorders and better understand prognosis
6) Psychopathology may be influenced by complex interactions of gene expressions
and the environmental context of development (e.g., diathesis-stress model of
psychopathology
7 & 08.) Change can occur at many points in development, but change may be
constrained by prior adaptations (i.e., canalization)
How is development viewed from a DP perspective? ✅Development:
Organized around set of age-appropriate tasks
Proceeds from task to task
Each task needs to be resolved satisfactorily in order to go on to next dev. Task
Pathology
Lack of ability to resolve tasks satisfactorily
Hence, deviations from normal pathways of dev.
06. Psychopathology may be influenced by complex interactions of gene expressions
and the environmental
Context of development
07.+ 08. Change can occur at many points in development BUT change is sometimes
constrained by prior
Adaptations
adaptation ✅The process of coping & developing skills to successfully adjust to
change for stress
developmental deviation ✅A deviation from "normal" developmental trajectories.
developmental pathway ✅A pattern of development that results in a unique life
outcome or set of life
outcomes.
Equifinality/Multifinality ✅- equifinality: different things/paths cause the same outcome
- multifinality: a single thing/path cause different outcomes
Maladaptation ✅Coping processes that result in dysfunction/failure (doesn't refer to a
lack of adaptation)
risk factors ✅Situations, events and experiences whose presences increases the
probability or
Occurrence of pathology.
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