Summary
Summary Inheritance
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This document provides in-depth knowledge on inheritance patterns and some example diseases. Skills on how to identify inheritance pattern is included.
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Gene discovery- finding subsets in genes in genome that influence a biological property/ character/ trait.Single-gene inheritance pattern is an approach.
Wild type- most common type of a biological property in organism. Mutants are heritable variants from
wild type and are rare.
Phenotypes- alternative forms of a property. Polymorphisms is where two or more common phenotypes of
a biological property exist, they don’t include specific property of interest to researcher compared to
mutations.
Genotypes- are the allele combinations underlying the phenotypes.
Grid showing gametes and gametic fusions is called a Punnett square.
Single gene inheritance: Mendel’s experiments-
● He choose to investigate seven inheritance properties- plant length, position of flowering branch,
flower color, pea color, pea shape, pod shape and pod color. He studies two contrasting
phenotypes for each trait.
● Mating- self pollination or cross where transferred to another plant with cut anthers.
● He used pure lines, where a particular phenotype was identical in all offspring produced by
mating members of the line. Parental generation P to first filial generation F1 to
second filial generation F2.
, - Shows that green phenotype present in F1 but not expressed as passed on in F2. Self mating the
F1 generation (Yy*Yy) is called monohybrid crossing as same genotype.
- Green phenotype on mating b/w green in F2 produced only green, showing its recessive.
When F2 plants were selfed-
F2 had Phenotypic- Yellow:green= 3:1. Genotypic 1:2:1
Finding out if heterozygous or homozygous dominant by testcross- Y/? Mate with yy
(tester), if all phenotype yellow than YY or if 1:1 than Yy.
Mendel law of equal segregation-
1) Hereditary factor called gene responsible for producing trait.
2) Each plant has a pair of a gene.
3) Gene comes in two forms called alleles, in form of eg- YY, Yy, yy where Y is dominant and y is
recessive. If gene is called wye gene than has a dominant and recessive alleles.
4) Homozygous dominant is YY and heterozygous dominant is Yy. homozygous recessive is yy.
EQUAL SEGREGATION LAW- In meiosis one allele from each gene pair separates equally into egg or
sperm cells, eg- half of sperm cells with one allele and other half sperm cells with other allele. At
fertilisation gametes fuse randomly regardless of each allele they bear.
Law deals with
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