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BSCI 135 Exam 1. 165 Questions and Correct Answers. 100% Correct, Verified solution.
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BSCI 135 Exam 1. 165 Questions andCorrect Answers. 100% Correct, Verified
solution.
Scientific Method
1. Observation
2. Hypothesis: educated, testable guess
3. Experiments: test hypothesis
4. Data Interpretation
5. Conclusion: analyze results, support or reject hypothesis
Theory
a hypothesis that has survived many tests and all other competing hypotheses have been disproved
Law
a extensively tested theory, based on evidence, no conflicting data
Features of Living Things
1. Highly organized
2. maintain stable composition
3. use energy from environment
4. respond to stimuli
5. Grow and develop
6. Reproduce
7. Show variations based on heredity
8. Adapt to environment
Plants are...
1. multicellular organisms
2. cellulose-rich cell wall
3. chlorophyll and photosynthetic
4. adapted to life on land (or have descended from land plants)
Plant structure
-Shoot
-Root
Shoot
-usually above ground
-flowers: where reproduction occurs; fruit and seeds develop
,-leaves: site of photosynthesis; blade, petiole
-node: where leaf is attached to the stem
-stem: holds leaves, transports water and nutrients, provides support above ground
Root
-usually below ground
-anchors plant
-absorbs water and minerals
2 Types of nutrients
-Macronutrients
-Micronutrients
Calories
-a measure of energy
-amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
-food energy is measured in kilocalories (1000 calories)
-humans need 1,200-3,200/day depending on age, sex, and activity level
Macronutrients
-needed in large amounts
-3 types: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats
Carbohydrates
-type of...
-composed of...
-3 types:
-type of macronutrient
-composed of C,H, and O
-3 types: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
-type of carbohydrate
-basic building block of all carbohydrates
-ex. glucose (most abundant type, metabolized during cellular respiration for energy), fructose, and
galactose
Disaccharides
3
-composed of two monosaccharides
-no nutritional value, only calories
-ex. Lactose (milk sugar), maltose, sucrose (glucose + fructose; table sugar)
Polysaccharides
, -chain of monosaccharides
-AKA complex carbohydrates
-ex. starch (long glucose chain stored in plants), glycogen (storage form of glucose in humans), fiber
(derived from plants)
Fiber
type of...
comes from...
not ______ but provides ________
can be __________ or ____________
-type of polysaccharide
-comes from cellulose (cell wall of plants)
-not digestible but provides bulk
-can be soluble (reduces cholesterol levels and risk of heart disease) or insoluble (absorbs water,
prevents constipation, and certain cancers)
Proteins
-type of macronutrient
-large complex molecules that perform many functions in the body
-made up of smaller building blocks called amino acids
-can be complete (contain all essential amino acids, come from animal sources) or incomplete (come
from plants, lack some essential amino acids)
Protein Functions
-structure and support: collagen
-enzymes: digestive enzymes
-hormones: insulin, regulates glucose in blood
-transport: hemoglobin transports oxygen
-storage: amino acid
-contractile: actin and myosin in muscles
-defensive: antibodies protect vs. diseases
amino acids
-make up proteins
-20 different types
-the human body can make 11 out of 20
-the other 9 are called essential amino acids and come from the diet
Fats
-type of...
-composed of...
-has a _____ head and ______________ tail
-source of...
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