MICROBIOLOGY EXAM PRACTICE REVIEWS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
Microbiology
Institution
Microbiology
MICROBIOLOGY EXAM PRACTICE
REVIEWS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Specialized area of
biology that deals with organisms ordinarily too small to be
seen without magnification.
Microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER-A living thing ordinarily
too small to be seen without magnifi...
MICROBIOLOGY EXAM PRACTICE
REVIEWS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Specialized area of
biology that deals with organisms ordinarily too small to be
seen without magnification.
Microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER-A living thing ordinarily
too small to be seen without magnification.
Classification - CORRECT ANSWER-Orderly arrangement of
organisms into groups.
Nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER-System of assigning
names.
Binomial nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER-Two-name
system of naming organisms (Latin, Greek). Two names:
Genus, species. It's always underlined or italicized. Genus first
letter always capitalized, species not capitalized. Once it's been
mentioned, the genus name can be shortened.
Acellular organisms - CORRECT ANSWER-Viruses. Exist
without a cellular structure.
,Cellular organisms - CORRECT ANSWER-Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-Organisms whose genetic
material is not enclosed in membrane and lack specific
organelles including a nucleus (bacteria).
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-Organisms whose genetic
material is enclosed in nucleus (fungi, protozoa, algae).
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and in
addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack other complex internal
compartments called organelles. All prokaryotes are
microorganisms while only some eukaryotes are
microorganisms (including algae, protozoa, molds and yeasts-
and even anthropods).
Binary fission - CORRECT ANSWER-The way bacteria
reproduce. Splitting of a parent cell into two equal parts.
Mycology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of fungi.
Phycology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of simple
photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae) ranging from single celled
forms to large seaweeds.
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER-Disease causing agents.
Genetic engineering - CORRECT ANSWER-Manipulates the
genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of
creating new products and genetically modified organisms.
Recombinant DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Switch DNA from
one organism to another to design new organisms.
,Lactic acid bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-Dairy products,
yogurt and cheese.
Curds - CORRECT ANSWER-Solid chunks of day old milk,
(fats and proteins etc. used in cheese) and whey (mostly
water). A gallon of milk yields only about 1.25 pounds of
cheese (weight lost is water).
Whey - CORRECT ANSWER-Liquid part of day old milk, mostly
water.
Rennin - CORRECT ANSWER-Turn caseinogens to casein.
Curdling - CORRECT ANSWER-Products cause milk to
separate into curds (the milk solids, fats, proteins, etc.
Scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER-Approach taken by
scientists to explain a certain natural phenomenon.
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER-A tentative explanation or
statement to account for what is observed or measured.
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypothesis backed by growing
data.
Spontaneous generation - CORRECT ANSWER-Life can rise
from nonliving material.
Cell theory - CORRECT ANSWER-All things are made of cells.
Biogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-the production of living
organisms from other living organisms
Fermentation - CORRECT ANSWER-Organisms convert sugar
into alcohol or acid (vinegar). Using bacterial/fungal enzymes,
convert food substrate from one form to another. Aid in slow
food spoilage. Foods use it for flavor and other properties.
, Fermentation products include Lactic acid, acetic acid, yeast,
etc.
Pasteurization - CORRECT ANSWER-To kill organisms by
heat, some spoiling agents still stay.
Germ theory of disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Theory that
microbes can invade other organisms and cause diseases.
Koch's postulates - CORRECT ANSWER-Set of procedures to
determine if a microbe causes a certain disease. Verified the
germ theory of disease.
Aseptic technique - CORRECT ANSWER-Aimed at reducing
microbes in a medical setting and preventing wound infections.
Lister proposed the idea of aspetic techniques and the
importance of hand washing and equipment sterilization.
Chemotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER-Treatment of disease by
the use of chemical substances. Now problem with drug
resistance.
Synthetic drugs - CORRECT ANSWER-Chemical substances
made in a lab.
Antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER-Chemical substance made
by microbes.
General sizes of macroscopic organisms? - CORRECT
ANSWER-1 mm
Size of Microscopic organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER-1 um
to 100 um
Size of Viruses? - CORRECT ANSWER-10 nm to 100 nm
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