Student does not accurately segment words by each phoneme. EX: frog into fog - ANSStudent
needs: Phonemic awareness skills
Strategies to help: Elkonin boxes and teacher modeling and scaffolded guided practice
Student does not associate the correct sound with letters or letter combos. EX: mispronouncing
consonant sounds, vowel sounds (long or short), blends (beginning or final) or digraphs -
ANSStudent needs: phonics support
Strategies: word sorts, explicit phonics small group instruction (like using a specific phonics
pattern and covering that part of the word and have the student guess the pattern), and chants
and poems the students can SEE.
Student does not recognize high frequency grade-level words that do not follow standard
phonics. EX: of, was, the, said, etc. - ANSStudent needs: Sight word automaticity
Strategies: Practice with flash cards that are a personal set with the words the student needs
extra help on, have a word wall, and practice reading the words (underlined) in context.
Student pronounces only a part of a multi syllabic word correctly EX: mistake into missake or
pilot into pillot. - ANSStudent needs: Decoding multisyllabic words help
Strategies: Teach syllabication and the 6 syllable types (open, closed, vowel digraph/dipthong,
r-controlled, VCe, final -le), use cut and paste foldables and syllable sorts, and teach students
how to annotate words based on syllable types.
Student leaves off or mispronounces prefixes and suffixes in a word. EX: biggest as biggs or
omitting a word part saying bad instead of badly. - ANSStudent needs: Decoding multisyllabic
words with roots and affixes help
Strategies: Review morphology (word formation) and proper pronunciation, create a word part
tree with students for common terms, and have students create their own words (real or fake)
using word parts.
Student mispronounces words or has other miscues, such as insertions, omissions, or
substitutions while reading - ANSStudent needs: To improve accuracy
Strategies: automatic word recognition (sight words and automaticity in decoding).
Student reads too fast or too slow, interfering with the ability to comprehend. - ANSStudent
needs: To use appropriate speed (rate)
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