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Lehne's: Chapter 1 " Orientation to Pharmacology"/ Week-1: Test-1 questions with correct answers
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Lehne's: Chapter 1 " Orientation to Pharmacology"/ Week-1: Test-1 questions with correct answers
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Lehne's: Chapter 1 " Orientation toPharmacology"/ Week-1: Test-1 questions
with correct answers
Drug is defined as: - ANSWER: ➡ Any chemical that can affect living processes. By this
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definition, virtually all chemicals can be considered drugs, since, when exposure is
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sufficiently high, all chemicals will have some effect on life.
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Pharmacology can be defined as: - ANSWER: ➡ The study of drugs and their interactions
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with living systems that also encompasses the study of the physical and chemical properties
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of drugs as well as their biochemical and physiologic effects.
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In addition, pharmacology includes: - ANSWER: ➡ Knowledge of the history, sources, and
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uses of drugs as well as knowledge of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
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excretion.
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Clinical pharmacology is defined as: - ANSWER: ➡ The study of drugs in humans. This
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discipline includes the study of drugs in patients as well as in healthy volunteers (during
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new drug development).
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Therapeutics/ Pharmacotherapeutics: - ANSWER: ➡ Is defined as the use of drugs to
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diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy and can be defined simply as the
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medical use of drugs.
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Properties of an Ideal Drug: - ANSWER: ➡ 1. effectiveness
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2. safety
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3. selectivity
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In reality, there is no such thing as a perfect drug.
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, Effectiveness is: - ANSWER: ➡ The most important property a drug can have: if a drug is not
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effective— and it doesn't do what it is intended to do—there is no justification for giving it.
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A safe drug is defined as: - ANSWER: ➡ one that cannot produce harmful effects—even if
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administered in very high doses and for a very long time. The risk of harmful effects can
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never be eliminated.
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All drugs have the ability to cause: - ANSWER: ➡ injury, especially with high doses and
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prolonged use. The chances of producing harmful effects can be reduced by proper drug
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selection and proper dosing. The risk of harmful effects can never be eliminated.
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Examples of Risk /Certain anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide or methotrexate: -
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ANSWER: ➡ at usual therapeutic doses, always increase the risk of serious infection.
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Examples of Risk / Opioid analgesics such as morphine, meperidine, at high therapeutic
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doses can: - ANSWER: ➡ cause potentially fatal respiratory depression.
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Examples of Risk/ Aspirin and related drugs, when taken long term in high therapeutic
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doses, can cause: - ANSWER: ➡ life-threatening gastric ulceration, perforation, and bleeding
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A selective drug is defined as one that: - ANSWER: ➡ elicits only the response for which it is
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given. There is no such thing as a wholly selective drug because all drugs cause side effects.
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Common examples include the drowsiness that can be caused by: - ANSWER: ➡ many
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antihistamines; the peripheral edema that can be caused by calcium channel blockers; and
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the sexual dysfunction commonly caused by certain antidepressants.
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Additional Properties of an Ideal Drug: - ANSWER: ➡ 1. Reversible Action
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2. Predictability
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3. Ease of Administration
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4. Freedom From Drug Interactions
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