Exam (elaborations)
STL 310 CBT (1)
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Exam of 5 pages for the course NBE SCIENCE at NBE SCIENCE (STL 310 CBT (1))
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STL 310 CBTa. Empirical: hard data. Focus on what is, what you can see and observe
b. Normative: what we should do, aim for, aspire - ANS-1. What are the 2 approaches to
Political theory?
a. People want the good life
b. In order to attain the good things we aspire to, we need to cooperate with each other. Good
life is not in inspiration
c. This is not an easy thing to attain - ANS-2. What are the 3 parts of Aristotle's politics?
a. NO. it deals with a lot of should. - ANS-1. Is there consensus on what political theory is?
a. Normative political philosophy—justify norms, beliefs, policies and institutions
b. Critical Analysis and Interpretation—looking at unacknowledged or unrecognized
assumptions in a theory. Looking to expose these assumptions.
c. History of Political Thought—study of important thinkers
d. Conceptual Analysis—"unravel a piece of string", separate it, break it down into various
components. Opposite is synthesis
e. Study of Forms of Political Thought and Speech—discourse analysis, ideology and political
worldviews, look at psychology, linguistics, etc. - ANS-1. What are the 5 types of political
theory?
a. The quality of being just, righteous, equitableness or moral rightness. Relational, how we
relate to one another in the public space, involves conduct. Measure of whether something is
formally right or wrong. - ANS-1. What is justice?
a. Concept—An idea or thing. Ex: Justice. Conception—different views on said thing. Ex: justice
as dessert. - ANS-1. What is a concept vs. a conception?
a. African conception of Justice that originated in Egypt.
b. Implies a unity of the cosmos and society, of order and justice. Relates to the quest to provide
harmony and order between the gods and humanity.
c. There is a structure/order. The good/harmonious life requires a person to see themselves as
a part of an all-encompassing whole and one must be in right relation to other parts
d. Connective Justice—common good is human interconnectedness bound together by
responsibility and reliability. Self centeredness will lead to unrest and things falling apart.
e. Political order brings humans and divine into order - ANS-1. What is Ma'at?
a. Worldview, ethical framework, moral quality (focus on reconstruction of indigenous
framework)
, b. Vision for a harmonious future—reconciliation, African renaissance - ANS-1. What are the two
main uses for Ubuntu?
a. Every human being needs other human beings in order to be human. People are part of a
whole. network of mutual dependencies
b. Emphasizes universal bond that connects people to each other and all other types of
existence in the universe
c. Leads to moral understanding of mutual respect and recognition of human rights - ANS-1.
What is the idea of Ubuntu as an ethical framework?
a. Linked to SA's process for reconciliation post-apartheid and served as a moral basis for TRC
b. Blueprint for utopia with peaceful coexistence in a modern multicultural society - ANS-1. What
is Ubuntu as a vision for a harmonious future?
a. If it produces harmony and reduces discord. If it contributes to development and stabilization
of human communities
b. Prevent/ameliorate poverty - ANS-1. How is an act just with Ubuntu?
a. Solidarity—moral obligation to care for the welfare of others
b. Shared Identity—we instead of us vs. them. Common goals and shared work - ANS-1. What
is the basis of a harmonious community with Ubuntu?
a. Justice claims can be enforced by the state where charity cannot; it is voluntary - ANS-1.
What is the difference between justice and charity?
a. Consists of veil of ignorance/original position. If someone had a veil and didn't know their
gender, race, economic status, etc., where would they live? Making a decision w/o these things.
b. You only know "I have the capacity to frame, revise and pursue a conception of the good"
c. Thinking in ignorance helps you to make decisions that benefit the common good
d. Primary goods: liberties, opportunities, etc. - ANS-1. What is John Rawls' theory of Justice as
Fairness
a. Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of basic liberties
compatible with a similar system of liberty for all
b. Social and economic in equalities are to be arranged so that they're to the greatest benefit of
the least advantaged
c. And attached to the offices ands positions open to all under conditions of fair equality and
opportunity - ANS-1. What are Rawls' 2 (or 3) principles?
a. He tried to ID a human minimum: a moral principle that was absolute and categorically valid,
a precondition for all other rights. Safety, health, basic level of subsistence.
b. Without this human minimum, a person can't perform the essential function of a person. We
get it because we are human.
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