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NSG 170 Test THREE Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMNSG 170 Test THREE Practice Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
What are risk factors related to fluid and electrolyte balance? - ✔️✔️**The very old due to
decreased body functions as we age.
**The very young due to the body still growing and developing.
**They both have less fluid volume compared to body mass.
Prevention strategies related to fluid and electrolyte balance - ✔️✔️--If your urine is clear to
straw-colored before a race or workout, you're well hydrated.
--You should drink a sports drink containing electrolytes and carbohydrates if your sporting
event or workout lasts longer than 30 minutes.
--Drinking water with a sports drink decreases the beverage's benefits.
--Drink when you're thirsty. Don't feel you must constantly replenish fluids.
--Although the needs of each individual differ, a general rule of thumb is to limit fluids to 4-6
ounces every 20 minutes of a race.
--Seek immediate medical advice if you lose more than 2 percent of your body weight or if
you gain weight after running.
What are some diagnostic tests/labs that can be done to determine fluid and electrolyte
status? - ✔️✔️Lab tests (BMP, creatinine, BUN, H&H, etc)
Chest x-ray
Daily weights
Measure I&O's
Skin turgor
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Interrelated concepts for fluid and electrolytes - ✔️✔️Acid-base balance: changes in fluid and
electrolyte can cause changes in acid-base balance and vice versa
Nutrition: influenced by f&e intake
Elimination: creates f&e output; changes in elimination can disrupt f&e balance
Cognition: osmolality imbalances
Mobility: electrolyte imbalance can cause muscle weakness
Osmosis - ✔️✔️The spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively
permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends
to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
Diffusion - ✔️✔️Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Filtration - ✔️✔️the process by which fluid and solutes move together from an area of higher
pressure to an area of lower pressure
Active transport - ✔️✔️the movement of a solute from areas of lower to higher concentration
that requires energy.
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ✔️✔️body fluid that is within the cells, makes up the majority of the
body fluids.
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ✔️✔️body fluid that is outside of cells
Isotonic solution - ✔️✔️a solution that has the same osmolarity as blood plasma.
Hypertonic solution - ✔️✔️a solution with higher osmolarity than body fluids that pulls water
from the cell to the extracellular fluid compartment, leading to cell shrinkage.
Hypotonic solution - ✔️✔️a solution with a lower osmolarity than body fluids that causes
excess water to move into the cells, causing swelling.
What are isotonic IV solutions? - ✔️✔️0.9% NaCl (NS), Lactated ringers (LR)
What are hypotonic IV solutions? - ✔️✔️0.225% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl, 0.45% NaCl (½ NS),
D5W
What are hypertonic IV solutions? - ✔️✔️3% NaCl, 5% NaCl, D10W
What are crystalloids? - ✔️✔️--solutions that contain fluids and electrolytes that are normally
found in the body, that do not contain proteins.
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
--smaller particles pass through semipermeable membrane more easily
--Crystalloids IV fluid replacement is most commonly used
What are colloids? - ✔️✔️--fluid solution that contains molecules (usually proteins) that are
too large to pass out of the capillary membrane, thus remain in the vascular compartment.
--Large protein give it a very high osmolarity.
--larger particles, do not pass through semipermeable membrane easily
Fluid overload - ✔️✔️--Increased urinary output and edema formation
--These patients are at risk for skin breakdown
***Assess patients every 2 hours to recognize pulmonary edema (occurs quickly/fatal)***
--Diuretics are often used with restrictions on fluids and sodium
--Monitor intake & output and keep an eye on weight
--(Those at GREATEST risk for electrolyte imbalances are older adults, those with chronic
kidney or endocrine disorders, and those who are taking drugs that alter fluid and electrolyte
balance)
--Rapid weight gain is the BEST indicator of fluid retention (each pound gained after 1st ½
pound equals 500 mL of retained fluid)
Symptoms of fluid overload - ✔️✔️**Increased HR
**Increased BP (hypertension)
**Shortness of breath
**Moist crackles on auscultation
**Pitting edema
**Headache
**Enlarged liver
**Distended neck and hand veins
**Engorged varicose veins
**Weight gain
**Increased gastric motility
**Dilution of sodium/potassium can lead to seizures/coma/death
**If severe or with poor cardiac/kidney function, can lead to heart failure and/or pulmonary
edema
Dehydration - ✔️✔️Signs/Symptoms:
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