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NSG 170 Test 3 Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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NSG 170 Test 3 Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMNSG 170 Test 3 Practice Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Hypokalemia - ✔️✔️<3.5 mEq/L
Hypokalemia causes - ✔️✔️1. actual total body K+ loss
- excessive med use (diuretics/corticosteroids)
- increased secretion of aldosterone
- vomiting, diarrhea
- excessive diaphoresis
2. inadequate K+ intake
3. movement of K+ from ECF to ICF
4. dilution of serum K+
hypokalemia assessment - ✔️✔️- thready, weak, irregular pulse
- orthostatic hypotension
- shallow respirations
- anxiety, lethargy, confusion, coma
- muscle weakness, leg cramps
- nausea, vomiting, constipation
hypokalemia interventions - ✔️✔️1. monitor electrolyte values
2. administer K+ supplements
3. institute safety measures for muscle weakness
4. switch to K+-sparing diuretic
5. educate on K+-rich foods (potatoes w/ skin, bananas)
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
hyperkalemia - ✔️✔️>5.0 mEq/L
hyperkalemia causes - ✔️✔️1. excessive K+ intake
2. decreased K+ excretion (K+-sparing diuretics)
3. movement of K+ from ICF to ECF
hyperkalemia assessment - ✔️✔️- slow, weak, irregular pulse
- decreased BP
- profound weakness of skeletal muscles possibly leading to respiratory failure
- muscle twitches, cramps, paresthesias
- ascending flaccid paralysis
- diarrhea
hyperkalemia interventions - ✔️✔️1. discontinue IV K+ or supplements
2. administer K+-wasting diuretics
3. initiate K+ restricted diet
4. monitor K+ level
5. avoid salt substitutes
Hypocalcemia - ✔️✔️<9.0 mg/dL
hypocalcemia causes - ✔️✔️1. inhibition of Ca2+ absorption from the GI tract
- inadequate oral Ca2+ intake
- lactose intolerance
- inadequate Vit D intake
2. increased Ca2+ excretion (diarrhea)
3. conditions that decrease the ionized fraction of Ca2+
- hyperphosphatemia
- immobility
- removal/destruction of parathyroid glands
hypocalcemia assessment - ✔️✔️- decreased HR and BP
- muscle tetany, seizures
- + Trousseau's and Chvosrek's signs
- anxiety, irritability
- diarrhea
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