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NSG 170: Test 3 (Metabolism) Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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NSG 170: Test 3 (Metabolism) Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMNSG 170: Test 3 (Metabolism) Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Insulin - ✔️✔️Hormone produced by the pancreas that helps to decrease blood sugar.
Glucagon - ✔️✔️A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood
glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
Cortisol - ✔️✔️stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar
Euglycemia (normal) - ✔️✔️70-140 mg/dL
Hypoglycemia defined as - ✔️✔️state of insufficient glucose level
Hypoglycemia - ✔️✔️<70 mg/dL
<50 mg/dL (severe)
Causes of hypoglycemia - ✔️✔️-insufficient nutritional intake
-adverse reaction to medication
-Excessive exercise
Hypoglycemia S/S - ✔️✔️reduced cognition, tremors, diaphoresis, weakness, hunger,
headache, irritability, seizure, cool/clammy skin, blurred vision, tachycardia
Treatment of hypoglycemia - ✔️✔️- If patient blood sugar is <60, patient is alert and oriented
and asymptomatic, offer 15 g of protein by mouth.
- If patient is symptomatic, not completely alert, call provider. Order may include:
- Glucagon given IM
- Dextrose injection IV Push (very hard to push)
- Oral medication may cause GI upset, which may go away with time
Proteins and carbohydrates - ✔️✔️given together for hypoglycemia
Page 1 of 9
, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️Not fasting: >140 mg/dL
Fasting: >100 mg/dL
>180 mg/dL (severe)
Hyperglycemia defined as - ✔️✔️state of elevated blood glucose level
Causes of hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️-Insufficient insulin production/secretion
-Deficient hormone signaling
-Excessive counterregulatory hormone secretion
Hyperglycemia S/S - ✔️✔️Polyuria, Polydipsia, polyphagia, dehydration, fatigue, fruit odor to
breath, Kussmaul breathing, weight loss, hunger, poor wound healing, vomiting, nausea,
abdominal pain, warm moist skin
Polyuria - ✔️✔️increased urination
Polyphagia - ✔️✔️increased hunger
Polydipsia - ✔️✔️increased thirst
Short-term hyperglycemia consequences - ✔️✔️Inadequate glucose reaches cells for energy,
dehydration
Long-term macrovascular consequences of hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️retinopathy, nephropathy,
peripheral neuropathy, erectile dysfunction
Long-term microvascular consequences of hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️Hypertension, cardiovascular
and peripheral vascular disease
Treatment of hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️insulin and fluids
Risk factors for diabetes - ✔️✔️pregnant women, infants, older adults, racial/ethnic groups,
genetics (family hx.), lifestyle, chronic conditions, medications
Fasting plasma glucose testing (FPG) *finger stick - ✔️✔️-A diagnosis of DM is made with
two separate test results greater than 126 mg/dL
-The patient should have no caloric intake for at least 8 hours (water is permitted)
Random (casual) blood glucose *finger stick - ✔️✔️-greater than 200 mg/dL is used to
diagnose DM in patients with classic hyperglycemia symptoms or hyperglycemic crisis.
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - ✔️✔️- 8 oz. of sweet liquid containing 75 g of sugar
- after 2 hours they draw 1 vial of blood
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