Lehne's Pharmacology Chapter 4 questions with answers
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Lehne\'s Pharmacology
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Lehne\'s Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics is...
the study of drug movement throughout the body. Also includes drug metabolism and drug excretion.
Four basic pharmacokinetic processes:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
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Lehne's Pharmacology Chapter 4 questions
with answers
Pharmacokinetics is... - ANSWER: ➡ the study of drug movement throughout the body. Also
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includes drug metabolism and drug excretion.
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Four basic pharmacokinetic processes: - ANSWER: ➡ Absorption
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Distribution m
Metabolism m
Excretion
Absorption is defined as... - ANSWER: ➡ the movement of a drug from its site of
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administration into the blood.
m m m m
Metabolism (bio-transformation) is defined as... - ANSWER: ➡ enzymatically medicated
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alternation of drug structure
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Distribution is defined as... - ANSWER: ➡ drug movement from the blood to the interstitial
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space of tissues and from there into cells.
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Excretion is... - ANSWER: ➡ the movement of drugs and their metabolites out of the body.
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The combination of metabolism plus excretion is called... - ANSWER: ➡ elimination.
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Three ways to cross a cell membrane - ANSWER: ➡ 1) Passage through channels or pores.
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Very few drugs can do this due to the extremely small size required. Examples: small ions
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such as potassium and sodium.
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, 2) Passage with the aid of a transport system. Carriers move drugs from one side of the cell
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membrane to the other. All transport systems are selective - will carry a drug depending on
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it's structure.
m m m
3) Direct penetration of the membrane itself. Drugs that are lipid soluble can penetrate
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membranes and do not require transport.
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P-Glycoprotein - ANSWER: ➡ A well known multi-drug transporter protein. Transports a m m mm m m m m m m m m
wide variety of drugs out of cells.
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- Liver - transports drugs into the bile for elimination
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- Kidney - pumps drugs into urine for excretion
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- Placenta - transports drugs back to maternal blood
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- Intestine - transports drugs into intestinal lumen
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- Brain - pumps drugs into the blood
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direct penetration of the cell membrane - ANSWER: ➡ "Like dissolve like"
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Cell membranes are primarily lipids
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A drug must be lipid soluble (lipophilic) to directly penetrate it
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Polar molecules and ions are not lipid soluble and therefore cannot penetrate membranes
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Whether a weak acid or base carries a charge is determined by... - ANSWER: ➡ the pH of the
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surrounding medium (PH dependent ionization)
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An acid tends to... - ANSWER: ➡ ionize in basic (alkaline) media
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A base tends to... - ANSWER: ➡ ionize in acidic media
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When there is a pH gradient between two sides of a membrane, acidic drugs will ________ and
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basic drugs will ______. - ANSWER: ➡ When there is a pH gradient between two sides of a
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membrane, acidic drugs will accumulate on the alkaline side and basic drugs will accumulate
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on the acidic side.
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