Sensation AP signals from the body to the brain about a sensory input
Perception cerebral cortex interprets the meaning of the sensation
What 3 receptors do the skin contain? What do they sense? 1. Thermoreceptors: stimulated by changes in temp 2. Nociceptors (pain receptors): fire only to indica...
PSYCH 115 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers
Sensation ✅AP signals from the body to the brain about a sensory input
Perception ✅cerebral cortex interprets the meaning of the sensation
What 3 receptors do the skin contain? What do they sense? ✅1. Thermoreceptors:
stimulated by changes in temp
2. Nociceptors (pain receptors): fire only to indicate pain; stimulated by chemicals
released through damaged tissues
3. Mechanoreceptors: firing indicates touch; stimulated by a mechanical force
What are the 3 layers of the skin? ✅1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis
What are the 4 major tactile receptors? Are they fast or slow adapting? ✅1. Pacinian
Corpuscles: sense vibration; fast adapting
2. Meissner's Corpuscles: sense of touch; fast adapting
3. Merkel's Discs: sense of touch; slow adapting
4. Ruffini's Endings: senses stretch on skin; slow adapting
How does the somatosensory system transduce signals from the skin to the brain?
✅skin receptor is activated > signal goes up the spinal cord & ascends up on dorsal
column > synapses in dorsal column nuclei in the medulla > crosses over > ascends to
the thalamus > primary sensory cortex (S1) > secondary sensory cortex (S2)
What 3 aspects of pain perception are described in McGill Pain Questionnaire? ✅1.
Sensory Discriminative Quality: type of pain you are experiencing
2. Motivational Affective Quality: how you feel emotionally about your pain
3. Cognitive Evaluative Quality: How you are thinking about your pain
What are the 3 classes of endogenous opioids? ✅1. endorphins
2. enkephalins
3. dynorphins
Explain the route of the sensorimotor system ✅visual info required to locate target >
frontal-lobe motor areas plan the reach & command movement > spinal cord carries info
to hand > motor neurons carry messages to muscles of the hand & forearm > sensory
receptors of fingers send messages to sensory cortex letting them know if object has
been grasped > spinal cord carries sensory info to brain > basal ganglia judges force &
, cerebellum corrects movement errors > sensory cortex receives the messages that
object has been grasped
Cerebellar ✅determines accuracy of movement; correlates with SMA activity
Basal Ganglia ✅judges the force of the movement; correlates with M1 activity
Go/Direct pathway ✅facilitates motor programs that are adaptive to the present
situation
No Go/Indirect Pathway ✅simultaneously inhibits competing motor programs
Parkinson's Disease ✅-Hypokinetic
-difficult initiating movement; slowness of movements
-loss of excitation in the "Go" pathway
-inhibition of the "No Go" pathway
Huntington's Disease ✅-hyperkinetic
-involuntary, excessive movements
-loss of function in the "No Go" pathway
What are the 3 functions of the cerebellum? ✅1. maintenance of balance & posture
2. coordination of voluntary movements
3. motor learning
What are the 2 types of long-term memory? ✅1. Declarative: your WHAT; facts & info
that can be stated or described
2. Non-declarative: your HOW; motor procedure & skills; shown by performance rather
than conscious thought
What are the 2 types of Declarative memory? ✅1. Episodic: "autobiography";
remembering things from your personal past
2. Semantic: Generalized memory; facts about the world
What are the types of Non-declarative memory? ✅1. Skill learning: learning how to
perform tasks that require motor coordination
EX: riding a bike
2. Priming: change in stimulus processing due to prior exposure to stimulus
EX: filling in words or motions
3. Conditioning/Associative: association of 2 stimuli & a response
4. Non-associative learning: stimulus presented repeatedly to evoke a response;
habituation & sensitization
What are the 3 subcomponents of working memory? ✅1. Phonological loop: contains
auditory info
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