NR507 MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED BY EXPERTS|ACCURATE
ACTUAL EXAM WITH FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
AND STUDY GUIDE| GUARANTEED PASS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025.
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER "cell eating"
1. opsonization and adherence
2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic chemicals inside
the lysosomes
5. egestion
Hypersensitivity Type 1:_____ - CORRECT ANSWER Allergic reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Mediated by ______ - CORRECT ANSWER IgE
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Inflammation due to _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER mast cell degranulation
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
local symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER itching, rash
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
systemic symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER wheezing
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
most dangerous form - CORRECT ANSWER anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
main treatment ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2: _________________ - CORRECT ANSWER Cytotoxic reaction;
tissue specific (example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Primary effector cells involved - CORRECT ANSWER macrophages
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
,can cause ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of altered function - CORRECT ANSWER graves disease (hyperthyroidism)-example
of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of tissue damage - CORRECT ANSWER incompatible blood type-example of
cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes
are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER Not organ specific
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is deposited in the
tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3
Examples - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis - antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - very closely related to autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies
deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE - Type 3 autoimmune response - CORRECT ANSWER facial rash
confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
photosensitivity
oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis of at lease 2 peripheral joints
serositis
renal disorder
neurologic disorder
ANA
Autoimmune diseases can be ______ - CORRECT ANSWER familial
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
____________ or _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER histocompatibility complex (MHC)
alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER AKA isoimmunity
immune system of one individual produces a reaction against tissues of another individual
,Alloimmunity examples - CORRECT ANSWER -Neonatal disease where the maternal immune
system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
-Transplant rejection
-Transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - CORRECT ANSWER T-cell mediated
delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
typical reaction - CORRECT ANSWER localized contact dermatitis
(symptoms usually occur a few days later)
Differentiating between type 1 and type 4 rash reactions - CORRECT ANSWER Type I:
IMMEDIATE hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually characterized by
widely distributed lesions
Type 4: contact dermatitis (DELAYED hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of
contact with the allergen -Example: poison ivy
How to treat Type 4 hypersensitivity rash - CORRECT ANSWER non-severe case of contact
dermatitis: tx with topical corticosteroid
How to treat emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions - CORRECT ANSWER epinephrine
Antihistamines act on _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER H1 receptors
Primary immune deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER congenital
-caused generally by a genetic abnormality
60% of cases, symptoms within first 2 years of life
most primary immune deficiencies are the result of ______________ - CORRECT ANSWER
single gene defects
one of the most severe forms of primary immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER B-
lymphocyte deficiency
secondary immune deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER acquired
-caused by illness, such as cancer or viral infection
-caused by normal physiological changes, such as aging
-more common than congenital
most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency worldwide - CORRECT ANSWER
malnutrition
, most common symptom of immune deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER recurrent severe
infections
hematopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER blood cell formation
most of our body's iron stores come from ____________________________ - CORRECT
ANSWER the recycling of iron from old RBCs
erythropoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER formation of red blood cells (7 day process)
lab values for: Iron Deficiency Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Decreased
RBC distribution width: Increased
Serum iron level: Decreased
Total iron-binding capacity: Increased
Transferrin saturation: Decreased
lab values for: Thalassemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Increased
RBC distribution width: Normal to incrased
Serum iron level: Normal to increased
Total iron-binding capacity: Normal
Transferrin saturation: Normal to increased
lab values for: Anemia of Chronic Disease - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Normal
to increased
RBC distribution width: Normal
Serum iron level: Normal to decreased
Total iron-binding capacity: Slightly decreased
Transferrin saturation: Normal to slightly decreased
lab values for: Sideroblastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Normal to
increased
RBC distribution width: Increased
Serum iron level: Normal to increased
Total iron-binding capacity: Normal
Transferrin saturation: Normal to increased
MCHC - CORRECT ANSWER Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a single red blood cell
MCHC normal in many anemias: - CORRECT ANSWER aplastic anemia
post-hemorrhagic anemia
hemolytic anemia
MCHC may be low in: - CORRECT ANSWER Iron deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED BY EXPERTS|ACCURATE
ACTUAL EXAM WITH FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
AND STUDY GUIDE| GUARANTEED PASS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025.
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER "cell eating"
1. opsonization and adherence
2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic chemicals inside
the lysosomes
5. egestion
Hypersensitivity Type 1:_____ - CORRECT ANSWER Allergic reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Mediated by ______ - CORRECT ANSWER IgE
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Inflammation due to _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER mast cell degranulation
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
local symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER itching, rash
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
systemic symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER wheezing
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
most dangerous form - CORRECT ANSWER anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
main treatment ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2: _________________ - CORRECT ANSWER Cytotoxic reaction;
tissue specific (example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Primary effector cells involved - CORRECT ANSWER macrophages
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
,can cause ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of altered function - CORRECT ANSWER graves disease (hyperthyroidism)-example
of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of tissue damage - CORRECT ANSWER incompatible blood type-example of
cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes
are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER Not organ specific
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is deposited in the
tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3
Examples - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis - antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - very closely related to autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies
deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE - Type 3 autoimmune response - CORRECT ANSWER facial rash
confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
photosensitivity
oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis of at lease 2 peripheral joints
serositis
renal disorder
neurologic disorder
ANA
Autoimmune diseases can be ______ - CORRECT ANSWER familial
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
____________ or _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER histocompatibility complex (MHC)
alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER AKA isoimmunity
immune system of one individual produces a reaction against tissues of another individual
,Alloimmunity examples - CORRECT ANSWER -Neonatal disease where the maternal immune
system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
-Transplant rejection
-Transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - CORRECT ANSWER T-cell mediated
delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
typical reaction - CORRECT ANSWER localized contact dermatitis
(symptoms usually occur a few days later)
Differentiating between type 1 and type 4 rash reactions - CORRECT ANSWER Type I:
IMMEDIATE hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually characterized by
widely distributed lesions
Type 4: contact dermatitis (DELAYED hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of
contact with the allergen -Example: poison ivy
How to treat Type 4 hypersensitivity rash - CORRECT ANSWER non-severe case of contact
dermatitis: tx with topical corticosteroid
How to treat emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions - CORRECT ANSWER epinephrine
Antihistamines act on _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER H1 receptors
Primary immune deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER congenital
-caused generally by a genetic abnormality
60% of cases, symptoms within first 2 years of life
most primary immune deficiencies are the result of ______________ - CORRECT ANSWER
single gene defects
one of the most severe forms of primary immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER B-
lymphocyte deficiency
secondary immune deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER acquired
-caused by illness, such as cancer or viral infection
-caused by normal physiological changes, such as aging
-more common than congenital
most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency worldwide - CORRECT ANSWER
malnutrition
, most common symptom of immune deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER recurrent severe
infections
hematopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER blood cell formation
most of our body's iron stores come from ____________________________ - CORRECT
ANSWER the recycling of iron from old RBCs
erythropoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER formation of red blood cells (7 day process)
lab values for: Iron Deficiency Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Decreased
RBC distribution width: Increased
Serum iron level: Decreased
Total iron-binding capacity: Increased
Transferrin saturation: Decreased
lab values for: Thalassemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Increased
RBC distribution width: Normal to incrased
Serum iron level: Normal to increased
Total iron-binding capacity: Normal
Transferrin saturation: Normal to increased
lab values for: Anemia of Chronic Disease - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Normal
to increased
RBC distribution width: Normal
Serum iron level: Normal to decreased
Total iron-binding capacity: Slightly decreased
Transferrin saturation: Normal to slightly decreased
lab values for: Sideroblastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum ferritin level: Normal to
increased
RBC distribution width: Increased
Serum iron level: Normal to increased
Total iron-binding capacity: Normal
Transferrin saturation: Normal to increased
MCHC - CORRECT ANSWER Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a single red blood cell
MCHC normal in many anemias: - CORRECT ANSWER aplastic anemia
post-hemorrhagic anemia
hemolytic anemia
MCHC may be low in: - CORRECT ANSWER Iron deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
