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PSY 314 Final Exam Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
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PSY 314 Final Exam Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
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PSY 314 Final Exam Detailed Questions andExpert Answers
Prosocial Behavior - ANS behavior that is intended to benefit other people
4 Goals of Helping - ANS 1. Improve out own welfare
2. Gaining Social Status and approval
3. Managing our emotions and moods
4. Managing our self-image
Kin Selection - ANS a theory that people will exhibit preferences for helping blood
relatives because this will increase the odds that their genes will be transmitted to
subsequent generations
Reciprocal Helping - ANS an evolutionary principle stating that people expect that
anyone helping another will have that favor returned at some future time, also
known as reciprocal altruism
Inclusive Fitness - ANS an explanation for altruism that focuses on the adaptive
benefit of transmitting genes, such as through kin selection, rather than focusing
on individual survival
Heritability - ANS the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to
the next
,3 Social norms that lead to helping - ANS 1. Norm of reciprocity
2. Norm of social responsibility
3. Norm of social justice
Norm of Reciprocity - ANS the expectation that helping others will increase the
likelihood that they will help us in the future
Norm of Social Responsibility - ANS a moral standard emphasizing that people
should help those who need assistance
Norm of Social Justice - ANS a social norm stating that we should help only when
we believe that others deserve our assistance
Learning Theories of Helping - ANS - Observational Learning
- Modeling
- Rewarding Prosocial Behavior
Social Exchange Theory - ANS the theory that we seek out and maintain those
relationships in which the rewards exceed the costs
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis - ANS the idea that when we feel empathy for a
person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless
of what we have to gain
, Good Mood Effect - ANS when people are in a good mood, they are more likely to
help
Negative State Relief Model - ANS the proposition that people help others in order
to counteract their own feelings of sadness
How does priming impact helping? - ANS Merely activating knowledge structures
from memory can influence people's social perceptions and behavior.
What factors influence who helps? - ANS 1. Personality Characteristics
2. High in need for approval
3. Gender Differences
Bystander Effect - ANS the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to
give aid if other bystanders are present
Why does the bystander effect occur? - ANS 1. Diffusion of Responsibility
2. Informational Influence
3. Evaluation Apprehension
Smoke study (Latane & Darley, 1970) - ANS Smoke fills a room while participants
are filling out a questionnaire. Do participants help?
- Alone: 75%
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