STUVIA 2024/2025
Med Emergencies I Review
_______ cells are found in the lining of the airways and produce a blanket of mucus that covers the
entire lining of the conducting airways.
A. Kupfer
B. Alveolar
C. Ciliary
D. Goblet
D. Goblet
Polycythemia is a condition in which:
A. excess red blood cells are produced in response low chronic hypoxia.
B. an abundance of red blood cells causes severe thinning of the blood.
C. fewer red blood cells arc produced, resulting in decreased oxygenation, D.increased platelet
production causes the blood to become abnormally thick.
A. excess red blood cells are produced in response low chronic hypoxia.
Cor pulmonale is MOST accurately defined as...
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A. increased preload caused by severe hypertension.
B. left heart failure secondary to mitral valve damage.
C. rupture of the alveoli due to increased surface tension.
D. right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension.
D. right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension.
__________ respirations are characterized by a grossly irregular pattern of breathing that may be
accompanied by lengthy periods of apnea.
A. Biot
B. Agonal
C. Eupneic
D. Cheyne-Stokes
A. Biot
"Inspiratory and expiratory sounds are both loud, but the inspiratory sounds are shorter than the
expiratory sounds" describes which type of physiologic lung sounds?
A. tracheal
B. bronchial
C. vesicular
D. bronchovesicular
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B. bronchial
The presence of diffuse rhonchi in the lungs indicates:
А. right-sided congestive heart failure.
B.isolated consolidation of secretions.
C.thick secretions in the large airways.
D. air being forced through narrowed airways.
C.thick secretions in the large airways.
A patient who is coughing up purulent sputum and has a temperature of 101° F is MOST likely to
have:
A. damage to the larger airways.
B. a significant change in orthostatic vital signs.
C. an increased neutrophil count.
D. a problem with perfusion in the lower airway
C. an increased neutrophil count.
You are dispatched to a young woman with difficulty breathing. You find the patient sitting in a tripod
position, noticeably dyspneic and tachypneic. She tells you that she experienced a sudden sharp pain
to the left side of her chest and then started having trouble breathing. She denies any past medical
history and states that she only takes birth control pills. Based on this patient's clinical presentation,
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you should be MOST suspicious for:
A. a pleural effusion.
B. spontaneous pneumothorax.
C. acute pulmonary embolism
D. hyperventilation syndrome.
C. acute pulmonary embolism
Why are children more prone to croup when they acquire an infection than adults have the same
infection?
A. Children's immune systems are not as developed as adults, so they are more prone to infection.
B. Adults were vaccinated against the virus that causes croup, whereas most children were not.
C. A child's airway is narrower than an adults and even minor swelling can result in obstruction.
D. The virus that causes croup replicates far more aggressively in children than it does in adults.
C. A child's airway is narrower than an adults and even minor swelling can result in obstruction.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by:
A. narrowing of the smaller airways that is often reversible with prompt treatment.
B. changes in pulmonary structure and function that are progressive and irreversible.
C. small airway spasm during the inhalation phase, resulting in progressive hypoxia.
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D. widespread alveolar collapse due to increased pressure during the exhalation phase.
B. changes in pulmonary structure and function that are progressive and irreversible.
Unlike bronchodilator therapy, corticosteroid therapy:
А. causes immediate improvement in breathing.
B. takes a few hours to reduce bronchial edema.
C. is administered exclusively in a hospital setting.
D. is the primary treatment for acute bronchospasm.
B. takes a few hours to reduce bronchial edema.
A patient with a history of asthma is at GREATEST risk for respiratory arrest if he or she:
A. takes a bronchodilator and a corticosteroid.
B. was previously intubated for his or her condition.
C. was recently evaluated in an emergency department
D. has used his or her inhaler twice in the previous week.
B. was previously intubated for his or her condition.
Patients with decompensated asthma or COPD that require positive-pressure ventilation:
A. should be ventilated routinely at a rate that is faster than the rate for a patient without a pulmonary
disease.
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B. may develop a pneumothorax or have a decrease in venous return to the heart if they are
ventilated too rapidly.
C. should be intubated promptly and ventilated at a rate of 20 to 24 breaths/min to eliminate excess
carbon dioxide.
D. should be given forceful positive-pressure breaths because their primary problem is difficulty with
inhalation.
B. may develop a pneumothorax or have a decrease in venous return to the heart if they are
ventilated too rapidly.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the emergency setting is used to treat patients with
certain obstructive airway diseases by:
A. improving patency of the lower airway using positive-end expiratory pressure.
B. maintaining stability of the posterior pharynx, thereby preventing upper airway obstruction.
C. increasing the rate and depth of ventilation, thus improving minute volume and mitigating hypoxia.
D. delivering one pressure during the inspiratory phase and a different pressure during the expiratory
phase.
A. improving patency of the lower airway using positive-end expiratory pressure.
You are dispatched to a residence for a 59-year-old man with difficulty breathing. The patient, who
has a history of COPD, is conscious and alert. During your assessment, he tells you that he
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developed chills, fever, and a productive cough 2 days ago. Auscultation of his lungs reveals rhonchi
to the left lower lobe. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:
A. bronchitis.
B. pneumonia.
C. end-stage COPD.
D. Lung cancer
B. pneumonia.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Referencing the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve, when hemoglobin is in an environment with
increased levels of CO2, the more readily hemoglobin:
A. binds to oxygen.
B. releases carbon dioxide.
C. releases oxygen.
D. binds to carbon dioxide.
C. releases oxygen.
You are caring for an 18-year-old male who suddenly became short of breath and is complaining of
left shoulder pain. The symptoms began 15 minutes ago after he tried to tighten a lug nut on his car.
Lung sounds are diminished in the left upper lobe and patient is breathing at 24 times per minute.
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Which of the following would you do to initially treat this patient?
A. Administer a bronchodilator
B. Immobilize the left shoulder.
C. Provide supplemental oxygen.
D. Begin positive pressure ventilations.
C. Provide supplemental oxygen.
You are called to the scene of a 27-year-old male who just came home from the hospital after klung
sound: and suddenly became short of breath. Assessment reveals jugular venous distention and
equal lung sounds.
This patient is MOST likely suffering from:
A. Pneumonia.
B. Pulmonary embolism.
C. Psychosomatic hyperventilation.
D. Spontaneous pneumothorax.
B. Pulmonary embolism.
Which of the following would accurately reflect a normal pulmonary venous blood gas result?
A. PCO2 = 45, PO2 = 40.
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