Pharmacology Review Unit 3
Bacteria - ✔✔Single cell organism found virtually every where
Pathogen - ✔✔Bacteria that causes an infection or disease
Antibiotic - ✔✔Drug that interfere with the life cycle of a pathogen, making it incapable of
reproducing and sometimes resulting in cell death of the pathogen
Bacteriostatic - ✔✔Drug that limits the growth of a single celled organism
Bacteriocidal - ✔✔Drug that kills a single celled organism
Gram Stain - ✔✔Test that helps visualize & identify the bacteria by dying them crystal violet (purple)
or safranin (red)
Gram Positive - ✔✔Gram stain result of only purple - indicates very thick cell wall
Gram Negative - ✔✔Gram stain result of only red - indicates very thin cell wall
Morphology - ✔✔The shape of a micro-organism
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Cocci - ✔✔Spherical or "berry" shaped micro-organisms
Bacilli - ✔✔Rod-shaped micro-organisms
Streptococci - ✔✔Chain of spherical or "berry" shaped micro-organisms
Staphylococci - ✔✔Cluster of spherical or "berry" shaped micro-organisms
Emperic Therapy - ✔✔Therapy based on symptoms without cultures initiated
Culture & Sensitivity Therapy - ✔✔Therapy to treat a known finding from a completed culture
Viral, Parasitical, & fungal infections - ✔✔What types of infections do antibiotics not treat?
Super infection - ✔✔An overgrowth of the bacteria or organism that has become antibiotic resistant
or is not being treated by the medication currently administered.
nitrogen mustard MOA - ✔✔inhibit cell reproduction by binding irreversibly with the nucleic acids
(DNA, RNA) and proteins. Enables DNA from replicating and can no longer synthesize proteins or
any other essential cell functions. Cell eventually dies from the enability to reproduce or maintain its
metabolic functions. This is a cell-cycle nonspecific and cause cell death regardless of the cycle of
the cell.
nitrosoureas MOA - ✔✔lipid soluble, therefore can pass through the blood brain barrier. Useful for
treating brain tumors, and also acts specifically to the beta cells of the pancreas.
platinum derivative MOA - ✔✔produce interstrand and intrastrand cross-linking of DNA that is similar
to alkylation. comprised of platinum metals.
alkylating drug MOA - ✔✔Inhibits DNA synthesis through alkylation (anti-neoplastic)
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anitbiotics effects on cancer - ✔✔Cell-cycle specific for the G2 phase. During this phase cells are
preparing for mitosis.
s/e of cancer drugs - ✔✔Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Peripheral Neuropathy
Cardiac Toxicity
malignant - ✔✔a life-threatening tumor formed from abnormal cell growth that robs normal cells of
their nutreints causeing a decrease in normal cells
benign - ✔✔a tumor that does not destroy or invade tissues around it, they are not cancerous and do
not reproduce harmful effects.
metastasis - ✔✔the spread of cancer cells
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