Earth Science Final Exam Questions & Quality Solutions 100% Solved
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Course
Earth Science
Institution
Earth Science
The two fundamental foundations of science are - CORRECT ANSWER observation and interpretation
Nikolaus Copernicus, a Polish Clergyman and a pretty good astronomer (for the times), got in trouble with the Catholic Church in the early 1500's because he believed - CORRECT ANSWER that the earth wen...
Earth Science Final Exam Questions & Quality
Solutions 100% Solved
The two fundamental foundations of science are - CORRECT ANSWER observation and interpretation
Nikolaus Copernicus, a Polish Clergyman and a pretty good astronomer (for the times), got in trouble
with the Catholic Church in the early 1500's because he believed - CORRECT ANSWER that the earth
went around the sun
Scientific Law is - CORRECT ANSWER a statement of how events always occur under given circumstances
or conditions
Energy for earth's systems comes from two sources which are: - CORRECT ANSWER one is the sun, which
drives external processes, and the second is interior heat left over from the earth's formation and from
radioactivity, which drive internal processes
Which one of the following statements about what criteria a theory must have is wrong?
a. it must explain all relevant observations or experimental results
b. it must not contradict any relevant observations or other scientific principles
c. it must be internally consistent-built in a logical manner so that its conclusions do not contradict any of
the original premises
d. it must be based on a series of confirmed observations or experimental results
e. it must not contradict a researcher's preconceived ideas about waht must be true - CORRECT ANSWER
e. it must not contradict a researcher's preconceived ideas about what must be true
four of the following five statements are true for minerals. which one of the following statements is not
true.
a. they are the building blocks of rocks
b. they have an orderly internal crystalline structure
c. they can have a definite chemical composition
d. they can be a solid, liquid, or gas
e. they are made of elements - CORRECT ANSWER d. they can be a solid, liquid or gas
,the scientific method is a set of guidelines consisting of the following steps in order - CORRECT ANSWER
observation, forming a preliminary conclusion (hypothesis), testing the hypothesis, and developing a
theory
Johannes Kepler, a german astronomer/mathematician of the late 16th and 17th centuries
demonstrated that all the astronomical data that his mentor, Tycho Brahe, and collected for decades,
could be explained by elliptical orbits for planets and moons. this established a very important scientific
principle in that - CORRECT ANSWER he changed his hypothesis to fit the data
Minerals are defined as having the following properties - CORRECT ANSWER solid, inorganic, naturally
occurring, with a definite chemical composition, and an orderly crystalline structure
an _____ is the smallest particle that cannot be chemically split - CORRECT ANSWER atom
some of these statements use observation; one of these statements use interpretation which one is it? -
CORRECT ANSWER deciding who to sit next to in class based on how cool their mask is
The atomic mass number of an element is the number of - CORRECT ANSWER protons and neutrons
added together in the nucleus
the rule of octets states that all elements want to have - CORRECT ANSWER 8 electrons in their outer
shells
which of the following answers does not describe a mineral?
a. a gold nugget
b. natural rubber
c. a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a characteristic
crystalline structure
d. an icicle
e. a calcite crystal - CORRECT ANSWER b. natural rubber
, which of the following statements best describes the relative scale of the size of a nucleus and its
electron shell? - CORRECT ANSWER if the nucleus were the size of peanut, the electron shell would be
the size of.a football super-dome
bonds in which electrons are shared are _____ bonds, while bonds in which electrons are transferred
(given or taken) are ____ bonds - CORRECT ANSWER covalent, ionic
isotopes are atoms with - CORRECT ANSWER different numbers of neutrons
asbestos is a group of minerals that share a fibrous habit. many people fear asbestos, knowing that it can
cause horrible lung disease. what many people do not realize, however, is that - CORRECT ANSWER only
about 5% is dangerous
graphite and diamonds are good examples of polymorphs, which are defined as - CORRECT ANSWER
minerals with different crystal forms and the same composition
The silicate tetrahedron is called the building block of the silicate minerals and its formula is SiO4. this
mean it has - CORRECT ANSWER one silicon atom and four oxygen atoms, with an overall -4 charge
Which of the following statements is correct - CORRECT ANSWER there are approximately 90 naturally
occurring elements, and about 4,000 known minerals
Armalcolite is - CORRECT ANSWER a very rare mineral found on the moon and named after the
astronauts who found it
an igneous rock that has a vesicular texture must have - CORRECT ANSWER cooled off almost
instantaneously
given the right conditions any rock can be transformed into any other kind of rock - CORRECT ANSWER
true
the two types of weathering are - CORRECT ANSWER physical and chemical
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