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MGSC 291 Exam 1 University of South Carolina Questions and answers
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MGSC 291 Exam 1 University of South Carolina Questions and answers
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MGSC 291 Exam 1 University of SouthCarolina
2 basic rules (probability is on scale from 0 to 1; sum of probability of all (disjoint) events in
sample space = 1) - questions and answers-P(A) = 0 → Event A will not occurP(A) = 1 → Event
A will surely occurP(A) = ½ → Event A will happen 50% of the time
According to the shape of the distribution know when to use:
Mean vs. Median
Sample Standard Deviation vs. Quartiles (IQR and Range) - questions and answers-
attach(data) - questions and answers-attaches data so you can work with it and don't have to
keep calling it in
(if you attach several datasets that have the same column names r will be confused so you have
to detach before attaching again)
Bar Graph (frequency and relative frequency) - questions and answers-Categorical (qualitative)
data
Can be horizontal or vertical
Can display parts of a whole or separate values
For nominal data, put bars in ascending or descending order
For ordinal data, put bars in order of categories
Bayes' Theorem
go over some examples in the notes - questions and answers-a theorem describing how the
conditional probability of each of a set of possible causes for a given observed outcome can be
computed from knowledge of the probability of each cause and the conditional probability of the
outcome of each cause.
big data - questions and answers-describe data sets so large that traditional methods of storage
and analysis are inadequate.
Binomial (when to use, mean and variance(sd)) - questions and answers-A fixed number,
n,trials take place, where:
1.Each trial has only two possible outcomes ("Success" or "Failure")
2.Probability of "Success" is a constant pfor every trial
3.Trials are identical and independentThese are called Bernoulli trials.
Boxplot - questions and answers-A graph of the five-number summary.
, good at comparing two datasets next to each other
boxplot(...~...) - questions and answers-gives side by side boxplots
boxplot(data) - questions and answers-gives a box plot
boxplot(Oil~Type,names=c("WIld Type","Mutated")) - questions and answers-creates your own
label for the boxplot
categorical - questions and answers-arise from descriptive responses to questions like "What
kind of advertising do you use?".may only have two possible values (like "yes" or "no").may be a
number like a zip code
census - questions and answers-when a survey attempts to use the entire population as the
sample
Central Limit Theorem - questions and answers-the sampling distribution of a sum or
percentage will become approximately normal as the sample size gets larger
Chebychev's Inequality - questions and answers-For any population with a mean, μ, and
standard deviation, σ, the percent of observations that lie within kstandard deviations of the
mean is at least (1−1/ksquared)×100
Coefficient of variation and What it is and why it's used - questions and answers-Standard
deviation expressed as a percent of the mean
Compare variation in datasets with different units or means
Compute probabilities for complements, unions, intersections, conditional events - questions
and answers-Complement:
The probability of the complement of an event, P(Ac), is equal to one minus the probability of
the event
Union:
The probability that event A or B occurs (at least one of the events happens) is:P(A U B) = P(A)
+ P(B) -P(A ∩ B)
Intersection:
General intersection rulefor two events both occurring (always works): P(A ∩ B) = P(A)P(B|A)=
P(B) P(A|B)
continuous - questions and answers-there is another possible value between any two values
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