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BIO206 Exam Practice Questions and Answers (Success)
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BIO206 Exam Practice Questions and Answers (Success)
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Tuesday, July 23, 2024 10:52 AMBIO206 Exam Practice Questions and Answers (Success)
Transcription - ✔️✔️segments of the DNA sequence are used as templates for the synthesis of
shorter molecules of the closely related polymer ribonucleic acid or DNA
Gene - ✔️✔️The segment of DNA sequence corresponding to a single protein or set of alternative
protein variants or to a single catalytic, regulatory or structural RNA molecule.
Transport protein - ✔️✔️determines which molecules enter the cell
catalytic protein - ✔️✔️determine the reactions that those molecules undergo
organotrophic - ✔️✔️organisms that feed off of other living creatures or the organic chemicals
they produce. They cannot exist without the primary energy converters (phototrophics and.
lithotrophics)
phototrophic - ✔️✔️Organisms that get their free energy from non-living world and in fact they
harvest the energy of sunlight. e.g. many types of bacteria, algae, and plants. The by-product of
their biosynthetic activities is oxygen.
Lithotrophic - ✔️✔️(Feeding on rock) mostly are found in in-obvious habitats, such as deep in the
ocean, buried in the earth's crust, or in various other inhospitable environments.
What does the tree of life consist of? - ✔️✔️Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes
intragenic mutation - ✔️✔️an existing gene can be randomly modified by changes in its DNA
sequence, through various types of error that occur mainly in the process of DNA replication
gene duplication - ✔️✔️an existing gene can be accidentally duplicated so as to create a pair of
initially identical genes within a single cell; these two genes may then diverge in the course of
evolution
DNA segment shuffling - ✔️✔️two or more existing genes can break and rejoin to make a hybrid
gene consisting of DNA segments that originally belonged to separate genes
Horizontal (intracellular) transfer - ✔️✔️A piece of DNA can be transferred from the genome of
one cell to that of another- even to that of another species. This process is in contrast with the
usual vertical transfer of genetic information from parent to progeny.
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, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Tuesday, July 23, 2024 10:52 AM
Orthologs - ✔️✔️genes in two separate species that derive from the same ancestral gene in the last
common ancestor of those two species
Paralogs - ✔️✔️Related genes that have resulted from a gene duplication event within a single
genome—and are likely to have diverged in their function
homologs - ✔️✔️genes that are related by descent in either way
Four types of non-covalent attractions - ✔️✔️- Electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds)
- hydrogen bonds
- Van der Waals attractions
- Hydrophobic force
Buffers - ✔️✔️Weak acids or bases that can release or take up protons near pH 7, keeping the
environment of the cell relatively constant under a variety of conditions
organic molecules - ✔️✔️the carbon compounds made by cells
4 major families of small organic molecules - ✔️✔️sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides
The major inorganic ions include - ✔️✔️Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl-
condensaton - ✔️✔️addition of a monomer onto the end of a growing chain, in which one
molecule of water is lost with each subunit added
hydrolysis reaction - ✔️✔️A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a
molecule of water
The two types of nitrogen-containing ring compounds are: - ✔️✔️pyrimidines and purines
Pyrimidines - ✔️✔️cytosine, thymine, uracil
Purines - ✔️✔️Adenine and Guanine
Nucleotides are made up of - ✔️✔️a nitrogen-containing base, a five carbon sugar, and one or
more phosphate groups. Nucleotides are the subunits of the nucleic acids.
Nucleotides are abbreviated by - ✔️✔️Three capital letters. E.g. AMP(Adenosine
monophosphate), dAMP (deoxyadenosine monophosphate), UDP(Uridine diphosphate) and
ATP(Adenosine triphosphate
Nucleoside - ✔️✔️base + sugar for example, adenosine (A), guanosine (G), cytidine (C), Uridine
(U), and Thymidine (T).
How are nucleic acids formed? - ✔️✔️Phosphodiester bonds between mononucleotides
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