Bio 121 Unit 2 Exam Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers
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BIO 121
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BIO 121
What is a nucleosome made of? Eight histone proteins and two rounds of DNA double helix wrapping around those eight histone proteins
What are the names of the histone proteins? H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 (two of each)
What cells have a nucleosome? Eukaryotic cells
What phase is interphase in? mitotic ...
Bio 121 Unit 2 Exam Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
What is a nucleosome made of? ✅Eight histone proteins and two rounds of DNA
double helix wrapping around those eight histone proteins
What are the names of the histone proteins? ✅H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 (two of each)
What cells have a nucleosome? ✅Eukaryotic cells
What phase is interphase in? ✅mitotic phase
In what phase does DNA replication take place? ✅the S phase on interphase
Interphase takes up what percent of the cell cycle? ✅the longest time
When does the centrosome replicate (duplicate)? ✅end of G1 and the beginning of S
phase
When is the centrosome duplication complete? ✅G2
When does the nuclear membrane fragment? ✅The end of prophase (reappears at
telophase)
What is a cohesive protein? ✅holds two sister chromatids together
What is a centrosome? ✅microtubule organizing center
When is the centrosome replicated? ✅interphase
What is a centromere? ✅waist structure of duplicated chromosomes where
kinetochores are formed
What do microtubules form? ✅mitotic spindles during mitosis and meiosis
How are spindles formed? ✅a-tubulin and b-tubulin proteins (through polymerization)
What is polymerization? ✅process in which large compounds are built by joining
smaller ones together
Microtubules grow from ______ and connect to _______ ✅centrosome; kinetochore of
duplicated chromosomes
, How do sister chromatids separate? ✅by depolymerization of microtubules from the
kinetochore side and degradation of cohesion proteins
Homologous chromosomes structure ✅Chromosomes that have the same sequence
of genes and the same length
Homologous Chromosomes ✅one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent,
that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location
Alleles ✅different forms of a gene
What do duplicated homologous chromosomes form? When? ✅Tetrads during
prophase 1
Chromatid ✅replicated chromosome
Sister chromatids ✅two chromatids of a replicated chromosome
In what cells does mitosis occur? ✅Both somatic and reproductive cells
In what cells does meiosis occur?What do they form? ✅reproductive cells and
gametes
How does a zygote divide? Forms? ✅by mitosis and forms two daughter cells which
will divide further to form a multi cell embryo
How many chromosomes are there in a human somatic cell? ✅46 chromosomes (23
pairs)
How many chromosomes in a human egg or sperm? ✅23 chromosomes
What is the difference between cytokinesis of plants and animals? ✅plants have a cell
plate and animals form cleavage furrow
What is the name for bacterial cell division? ✅binary fission
In which cells do microtubules form within the nuclear membrane? ✅fungal yeast and
protist
What protein complex holds sister chromatids together? ✅cohesin complex
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