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COMMUNITY HEALTH EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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COMMUNITY HEALTH EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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COMMUNITY HEALTH EXAMQUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Jennifer is a community health nurse in a large metropolitan area. According to the
American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics (2001), community health nurses must
align themselves with public health programs that promote and preserve the health of
populations by influencing:
A. socioeconomic issues.
B. psychosocial issues.
C. sociocultural issues.
D. developmental issues. - Answer-C. Sociocultural Issues
The Code of Ethics of the American Nurses Association (2001) promotes social reform
by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and
cost of health care. Community health nurses must align themselves with public health
programs that promote and preserve the health of populations by influencing
sociocultural issues, such as human rights, homelessness, violence, and stigma of
illness. Directing care toward socioeconomic issues, psychosocial issues, or
developmental issues focuses on individuals, families, or groups, which in turn
contributes to the health of the total population.
Mary is a nursing student doing her senior project in community health. Part of her
assignment is to conduct an activity that illustrates "social health" within a group in her
community. The most appropriate activity for Mary to organize would be a:
A. neighborhood block party.
B. food bank in a local church.
C. community yard sale.
D. school fundraiser for the school band. - Answer-B. Food bank in a local church
Social health is a positive interaction among groups with an emphasis on health
promotion and illness prevention. The correct choice is a food bank in a local church
because a food program alleviates problems with hunger and nutrition that affect health.
The other options do not relate to health.
It has been estimated that individual behaviors and environmental factors are
responsible for what percentage of all premature deaths in the United States?
A. 20%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 70% - Answer-C. 50%
According to Orleans and Cassidy (2011), 50% of all premature deaths in the United
States are a result of individual behaviors and environmental factors. According to
Mokdad, Marks, Stroup, and Gerberding (2004), tobacco use leads the list of "actual
causes of death" at almost 20% of annual deaths in the United States.
,Early public health nurse Lillian Wald and her associates were successful in addressing
health and disease in the immigrant community by:
A. supporting political activities to improve social and environmental conditions of
immigrant families.
B. administering bedside nursing care to immigrants and their families.
C. teaching the immigrant family members to provide health care in the home.
D. obtaining and administering medications to the immigrants and their family members.
- Answer-A. Supporting political activities to improve social and environmental
conditions of immigrant families
These early public health nurses saw that neither administering bedside clinical nursing,
including obtaining and administering medication, nor teaching family members to
deliver care in the home adequately addressed the true determinants of health and
disease. They resolved that collective political activity should focus on advancing the
health of aggregates and improving social and environmental conditions by addressing
the social and environmental determinants of health. Wald and her colleagues (1971)
impacted the health of the community by organizing the community, establishing school
nursing, and taking impoverished mothers to testify in Washington, DC.
Disease prevention activities protect people from disease and the effects of disease. An
example of primary disease prevention is:
A. teaching people with diabetes how to prevent complications.
B. administering vaccines to children before kindergarten.
C. checking the skin of farm workers for signs of skin cancer.
D. identifying and testing individuals exposed to someone with tuberculosis. - Answer-B.
Administering vaccines to children before kindergarten
Primary prevention activities prevent a problem before it occurs; an immunization is
given to prevent a disease before it occurs. Secondary prevention refers to early
detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease pathogenesis, such
as checking the skin for signs of skin cancer or identifying and treating individuals who
have been exposed to contagious diseases. Aims of tertiary prevention are to keep
health problems from getting worse, reduce the effects of disease and injury, and
restore individuals to their optimal level of functioning. Examples of tertiary prevention
include teaching prevention of complications from disease or referring a patient with a
stroke for rehabilitation.
Every 10 years, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services publishes a
national prevention initiative titled Healthy People. One of the new objectives for Healthy
People 2020 is to:
A. achieve access to preventive services of all Americans.
B. improve the nation's ability to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from a
major health incident.
C. reduce health disparities among Americans
D. increase independence of older Americans. - Answer-B. Improve the nation's ability
to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from a major health incident
,One of the new objectives for Healthy People 2020 focuses on preparedness for major
health incidents. Achieving access to preventive services of all Americans and reducing
health disparities among Americans were goals of Healthy People 2000, and increasing
the independence of older Americans was a goal of the original 1979 Healthy People
version.
Which of the following is an example of "community health nursing" rather than
"community-based nursing"?
A. An RN assisting a doctor in a pediatrician's office
B. An RN visiting a home-bound patient to monitor for congestive heart failure
C. An RN reviewing school clinic records to determine which children are not up to date
on their immunizations
D. An RN dispensing medications in a nursing home - Answer-C. An RN reviewing
school clinic records to determine which children are not up to date on their
immunizations
"Community health nursing" focuses on groups of people, with the primary responsibility
being the population as a whole (as with a school). Care typically focuses on health
promotion and illness prevention, such as the nurse who reviews school clinic records
to determine which children are not up to date on their immunizations. "Community-
based nursing" is setting specific and emphasizes care to individuals, often in homes
and ambulatory clinics, and typically addresses acute and chronic health conditions.
The other options are examples of nurses providing care to individuals.
Which of the following entities strives to improve the health of all the public by promoting
healthy lifestyles, preventing disease and injury, and protecting the health of
communities?
A. Managed care organizations (MCOs)
B. Medicare
C. Public health system
D. Affordable Care Act - Answer-C. Public Health System
The Public health system strives to improve the health of entire populations by
promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing disease and injury, and protecting the health of
communities. Although MCOs and government financing entities (Medicare and
Medicaid) focus on the health of their clients, they do not focus on the community and
population in general. The focus of the Affordable Care Act is to mandate health
insurance for individuals.
A variety of health indicators are used by health providers, policy makers, and
community health nurses to measure the health of the community. Indicators that
illustrate the health status of a community and may be useful in analyzing health
patterns over time include: (Select all that apply.)
A. morbidity.
B. mortality.
C. birth rates.
D. life expectancy.
E. cancer incidence rates. - Answer-A, B, D, and E
, Some of the more commonly reported health indicators used by health providers, policy
makers, and community health nurses to measure the health of the community are life
expectancy, infant mortality, age-adjusted death rates, and cancer incidence rates. Birth
rates do not provide relative data to measure the health of a community.
Public health efforts focus on prevention and promotion of population health. The local
level of the health care system provides direct services to community members through
community and personal health services. An example of a health service that targets
the larger community, rather than individuals, is: (Select all that apply.)
A. providing well-infant care.
B. a mobile immunization clinic.
C. condemning or repairing unsafe housing.
D. encouraging family planning.
E. airing a weekly public service announcement to remind women to do breast self-
examination. - Answer-B, C, and E
A mobile immunization clinic, repairing unsafe housing, and airing weekly public service
announcements all target the larger population of a community. Providing well-infant
care and encouraging family planning target individuals.
In which of the following historical ages would people have had an increased risk for
contracting salmonella, anthrax, Q fever, or tuberculosis from the proximity of
domesticated animals and herds?
A. Hunting and gathering stage
B. Settled village stage
C. Preindustrial cities stage
D. Industrial cities stage - Answer-B. Settled village stage
During the settled village stage of the Mesolithic period and Neolithic period, people
became sedentary, formed villages, and domesticated herds of animals. They lived in
close proximity to the animals and contracted diseases such as salmonella, anthrax, Q
fever, and so forth because of cross-contamination of water and food supply. In the
hunting and gathering stage, groups may have avoided many contagious diseases
because the scattered aggregates were small, nomadic, and separated from other
aggregates. In the preindustrial stage, large urban centers formed to support the
expanding population. In the industrial cities stage, there was an increase in respiratory
diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and bronchitis and in epidemics of infectious
diseases such as diphtheria, smallpox, typhoid fever, typhus, measles, malaria, and
yellow fever.
During the Renaissance period, much was learned about health and disease. The
Elizabethan Poor Law was enacted during this time to:
A. govern personal and community hygiene such as contagion, disinfection, and
sanitation.
B. make local parishes responsible for caring for the poor in the community.
C. enforce hygienic codes from Leviticus and establish leper houses.
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