Summary
Samenvatting - Europees recht -
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Een gedetailleerde samenvatting van de te kennen leerstof voor het examen Europees recht in het tweede jaar Rechtspraktijk.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
sarahpintens
Reviews received
Content preview
Europees rechtProf. Baeyens
Sarah Pintens
Academiejaar 2023 - 2024
Europees recht 1
Academiejaar 2023 - 2024
,Understanding European Union Law ____________________________________________ 6
Chapter 1: Introduc1on ___________________________________________________________ 6
1. The meaning of EU law______________________________________________________________ 6
2. How is EU law relevant to your life?____________________________________________________ 6
3. Sources of EU law __________________________________________________________________ 6
4. EEC, EC or EU? ____________________________________________________________________ 7
5. Dealing with names of EU court cases __________________________________________________ 7
Chapter 2: The crea1on of the European Union _______________________________________ 8
1. The European CommuniGes: Why were they created and what did they consist of? _____________ 8
1.1. The Council of Europe __________________________________________________________ 8
1.2. First European Community: 'European Coal and Steel Community' (ECSC) _________________ 8
1.3. Failed steps towards European defence and poliGcal communiGes _______________________ 9
1.4. Second European Community: 'European Atomic Energy Community' (Euratom) ___________ 9
1.5. Third European Community: 'The European Economic Community' (EEC) ________________ 10
1.6. European CommuniGes: summary _______________________________________________ 10
2. The development of the European Economic Community (EEC) ____________________________ 11
2.1. Merger Treaty 1965 ___________________________________________________________ 11
2.2. Developments up to the Single European Act (SEA) __________________________________ 11
2.3. The Single European Act 1986 ___________________________________________________ 12
2.4. The Treaty on European Union, 1992 _____________________________________________ 14
2.4.1. Amendments to the original EEC Treaty _______________________________________ 14
2.4.2. Establishing the European Union ____________________________________________ 14
2.5. The 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam __________________________________________________ 15
2.6. The Treaty of Nice, 2000 _______________________________________________________ 16
2.7. A draV ConsGtuGon for Europe __________________________________________________ 17
2.8. The Treaty of Lisbon, 2009 _____________________________________________________ 17
2.9. The Fiscal Compact Treaty (FCT) _________________________________________________ 18
2.10. Enlargement ______________________________________________________________ 19
2.10.1. The UK applicaGon for membership __________________________________________ 19
2.10.2. Further expansion ________________________________________________________ 19
2.10.3. The EU today and in the future _____________________________________________ 20
2.10.4. Main challenges of the moment_____________________________________________ 20
2.10.4.1. Brexit ______________________________________________________________ 21
A. Withdrawal agreement ____________________________________________________ 21
B. The Trade and CooperaGon Agreement (TCA) __________________________________ 21
2.10.5. AddiGonal informaGon ____________________________________________________ 22
2.10.6. Pioneers – some of the architects of the European project _______________________ 23
Chapter 3: Who runs the EU? _____________________________________________________ 24
1. Power-sharing in the EU ______________________________________________________________ 24
1.1 Federalism, supranaGonalism and intergovernmentalism (= theories of governance) _______ 24
1.2 The conferral of competences between the EU and its Member States __________________ 25
1.3 The principles of subsidiarity and proporGonality ___________________________________ 25
2. The insGtuGonal structure of the EU_____________________________________________________ 26
2.1 The insGtuGons and other Union bodies ______________________________________________ 26
2.2 The funcGons of the government ____________________________________________________ 26
2.3 The European Parliament (ArGcles 14 TEU and 223-234 TFEU) _____________________________ 26
2.3.1 ComposiGon and funcGons _____________________________________________________ 26
2.3.2 The legislaGve role of the EP ____________________________________________________ 27
2.3.3 The budgetary role of the EP (note that this is a legislaGve role) __________________________ 28
2.3.4 The supervisory role of the European Parliament (quasi-judicial) _________________________ 28
Europees recht 2
Academiejaar 2023 - 2024
, 2.3.5 Conclusion ____________________________________________________________________ 29
2.4 The European Council (ArGcles 15-16 TEU and 235-236 TFEU) (= EC) __________________________ 29
2.4.1 ComposiGon and funcGons _______________________________________________________ 29
2.4.2 Conclusion ____________________________________________________________________ 30
2.5 The Council (ArGcles 16 TEU and 237-243 TFEU) __________________________________________ 30
2.5.1 ComposiGon and funcGons _______________________________________________________ 30
2.5.2 The Council's legislaGve role ______________________________________________________ 31
2.5.3 Decision-making in the Council ____________________________________________________ 31
2.5.4 Other roles of the Council ________________________________________________________ 31
2.6 The Commission (art. 17 TEU and art. 244-250 TFEU) ______________________________________ 31
2.6.1 The composiGon of the Commission ________________________________________________ 32
2.6.2 The Commission’s funcGons ______________________________________________________ 32
2.6.3 The Commission’s legislaGve role __________________________________________________ 32
2.6.4 The Commission’s administraGve and execuGve role ___________________________________ 32
2.6.5 The Commission’s supervisory funcGon _____________________________________________ 32
2.7 The Court of JusGce of the European Union (art. 19 TEU and art. 251-281 TEU) _________________ 33
2.7.1 The ComposiGon of the CJEU _____________________________________________________ 33
2.7.2 FuncGons and jurisdicGon ________________________________________________________ 33
2.7.3 Procedure before the CJEU _______________________________________________________ 33
2.7.4 The General Court ______________________________________________________________ 33
2.8 The European Central Bank (art. 282-284 TFEU) __________________________________________ 34
2.9 The Court of Auditors (art. 285-287 TFEU) _______________________________________________ 34
2.10 Other Community bodies ___________________________________________________________ 34
2.10.1 The Economic and Social Commifee (art. 300-304 TFEU) ______________________________ 34
2.10.2 The Commifee of the Regions (art. 300 and 305-307 TFEU) ____________________________ 34
2.10.3 European Investment Bank (art. 308-309 TFEU) ______________________________________ 34
3. InsGtuGonal balance, accountability and democracy in the EU ________________________________ 35
3.1 InsGtuGonal balance, or ‘how the insGtuGons share power’ _______________________________ 35
3.2 LegiGmacy, accountability and democracy in the EU _____________________________________ 35
Chapter 4: Sources of EU law _____________________________________________________ 36
1. Primary sources of EU law_____________________________________________________________ 36
1.1 The TreaGes _________________________________________________________________ 36
1.1.1 Protocols and declaraGons _____________________________________________________ 36
1.1.2 Revising primary legislaGon_____________________________________________________ 36
1.2 The General Principles of EU Law ________________________________________________ 37
1.2.1 Equality (‘discovered in the TreaGes’) _________________________________________ 37
1.2.2 Fundamental rights (‘discovered in naGonal and internaGonal law’) ________________ 37
2. Secondary sources of EU law __________________________________________________________ 37
2.1 Secondary law ___________________________________________________________________ 37
2.1.1 RegulaGons _________________________________________________________________ 37
2.1.2 DirecGves ___________________________________________________________________ 38
2.1.3 Decisions ___________________________________________________________________ 38
2.1.4 RecommendaGons, opinions and ‘soV law’ ________________________________________ 38
2.2 EnacGng secondary legislaGon ______________________________________________________ 38
2.2.1 Main actors in the creaGon of secondary legislaGon _________________________________ 38
2.2.2 The legal basis for the creaGon of EU secondary legislaGon ___________________________ 39
2.2.3 LegislaGve procedures _________________________________________________________ 39
2.3 VoGng procedures ________________________________________________________________ 40
2.3.1 Delegated acts _______________________________________________________________ 40
2.3.2 ImplemenGng acts ____________________________________________________________ 40
3. Case-law of the Court of JusGce of the European Union _____________________________________ 40
3.1. General principles of union law _____________________________________________________ 41
Europees recht 3
Academiejaar 2023 - 2024
, 3.1.1. The funcGon and status of general principles ______________________________________ 41
4. InternaGonal agreement ______________________________________________________________ 42
4. Conclusions ________________________________________________________________________ 42
Chapter 5: The rela1onship between EU law and na1onal legal systems __________________ 43
5.1 The Doctrines of Direct Effect and Supremacy ____________________________________________ 43
5.1.1 The original posiGon ____________________________________________________________ 43
5.2 The doctrine of the supremacy of EU law________________________________________________ 43
5.2.1 The CreaGon of the Doctrine of Supremacy __________________________________________ 44
5.2.2 The Development of Doctrine _____________________________________________________ 44
5.3 The doctrine of the direct effect of EU law _______________________________________________ 47
5.3.1 The origin of the doctrine ________________________________________________________ 47
5.3.2 The CondiGons for direct effect ____________________________________________________ 48
5.3.3 Direct effect of different sources of Union law ____________________________________ 49
5.3.3.1 Direct effect and Treaty arGcles ________________________________________________ 49
5.3.3.2 Direct effect and regulaGons __________________________________________________ 49
5.3.3.3 Direct effect and decisions ____________________________________________________ 49
5.3.3.4 Direct effect of internaGonal agreements ________________________________________ 49
5.3.3.5 Direct effect and direcGves (art. 288 TFEU) _______________________________________ 49
5.4 Developing the effecGveness of direcGves ___________________________________________ 50
5.4.1 VerGcal direct effect: a broad interpretaGon of ‘state’ __________________________________ 50
5.4.2 Indirect effect or interpretaGve obligaGon ___________________________________________ 51
5.5 State liability for Damages (The Francovich Principle) ______________________________________ 52
5.5.1 The development of the state damages _____________________________________________ 52
5.5.2 The Court’s interpretaGon of ‘sufficiently serious’ _____________________________________ 52
Chapter 6: Enforcing Union law ___________________________________________________ 53
6.1 Enforcement of EU law rights before naGonal courts_______________________________________ 53
6.1.1 Courts ________________________________________________________________________ 53
6.1.2 Procedures ____________________________________________________________________ 53
6.1.3 Remedies _____________________________________________________________________ 54
6.1.3.1 The development of a uniform remedy: State damage (State liability) _________________ 55
6.2 Preliminary references and rulings _____________________________________________________ 55
6.2.1 The purpose of preliminary rulings _________________________________________________ 55
6.2.2 The effects of preliminary rulings __________________________________________________ 55
6.2.3 Which naGonal bodies may make a reference? _______________________________________ 55
6.2.4 a decision to refer (art. 267 TFEU) __________________________________________________ 56
6.2.4.1 The discreGon to refer _______________________________________________________ 56
6.2.4.2 The obligaGon to refer _______________________________________________________ 56
6.2.4.3 Acte clair: excepGons ________________________________________________________ 56
6.2.5 Can the Court of JusGce refuse to provide a ruling? ____________________________________ 57
6.2.6 The referral procedure ___________________________________________________________ 57
6.2.7 The consequences of the preliminary reference procedure ______________________________ 57
6.3 Enforcement acGons against Member States (art. 258-260 TFEU) ____________________________ 58
6.3.1 AcGons brought by the Commission (art. 258 TFEU) ___________________________________ 58
6.3.2 AcGons brought by Member States _________________________________________________ 59
6.3.3 The effecGveness of enforcement procedures ________________________________________ 59
6.4 AcGons against EU insGtuGons: judicial review of acts and omissions of the trade union bodies ____ 59
6.4.1 judicial review: AcGon to annul (art. 263-264 TFEU)____________________________________ 59
6.4.1.1 Whose acts may be challenged? _______________________________________________ 59
6.4.1.2 What acts may be challenged? ________________________________________________ 60
6.4.1.3 Grounds for bringing a challenge _______________________________________________ 60
6.4.1.4 Who can bring an acGon? ____________________________________________________ 60
Europees recht 4
Academiejaar 2023 - 2024
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sarahpintens. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now