Exam (elaborations)
BIO 182 Exam 2 Sthultz With Correct Answers.
- Course
- BIO 182
- Institution
- Arizona State University
BIO 182 Exam 2 Sthultz With Correct Answers.
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BIO 182 Exam 2 Sthultz With CorrectAnswers
What nis nsystematics? n- nanswer-Study nof nbiological ndiversity nand nthe nevolutionary
nrelationships namong norganisms, nboth nextinct nand nmodern
What nis nTaxonomy? n- nanswer-Science nof ndescribing, nnaming, nand nclassifying nliving
nand nextinct norganisms nand nviruses
What nare nthe n8 ncategories nof ntaxonomic nhierarchy n(in norder nfrom nspecies nupward nto
nbroader nclassifications)? n- nanswer-Species, nGenus, nFamily, nOrder, nClass, nPhylum,
nKingdom, nDomain
Who nis nthe nscientist nthat nproposed nthe ncurrent ntwo-part nnaming nsystem nfor neach
nspecies? n- nanswer-Carolus nLinnaeus
What nare nthe ntwo nparts nof nany nLatinized nbinomial nname? n- nanswer-Genus nspecies
What nis na nphylogenetic ntree nand nwhat nis nit nused nfor n(or nwhat nis nphylogeny)? n- nanswer--
evolutionary nhistory nof na nspecies nor ngroup nof nspecies
-To npropose na nphylogeny, nbiologists nuse nthe ntools nof nsystematics
What nare nthe ntwo nways na nnew nspecies ncan nbe nformed? n- nanswer--Anagenesis n- nsingle
nspecies nevolves ninto na ndifferent nspecies
-Cladogenesis n- na nspecies ndiverges ninto ntwo nor nmore nspecies
What nis nHomology? n- nanswer-Similarities namong nvarious nspecies nthat noccur nbecause
nthey nare nderived nfrom na ncommon nancestor
What ndoes ncladistics ncompare? n- nanswer-Study nand nclassification nof nspecies nbased non
nevolutionary nrelationships
-considering nthe nvarious npossible npathways nof nchanges nand nthen nchoosing nthe ntree
nthat nrequires nthe nleast ncomplex nexplanation
What nis nthe ndifference nbetween na nprimitive ncharacter nand na nderived ncharacter? n-
nanswer--Primitive: nShared nby ntwo nor nmore ndifferent ntaxa nand ninherited nfrom nancestors
nolder nthan ntheir nlast ncommon nancestor
-Derived: nShared nby ntwo nor nmore nspecies nor ntaxa nand nhas noriginated nin ntheir nmost
nrecent ncommon nancestor
, Be nable nto nexplain nand nput nin na ntime nframe nsome nof nthe nmajor nepisodes nin nthe nhistory
nof nlife non nearth. n(The nclock nanalogy) n- nanswer--13.7 nbya n- nUniverse nbegan nwith nthe nBig
nBang
-4.6 nbya n-- nOur nsolar nsystem nbegan
-The nEarth nis n4.55 nbillion nyears nold
-4 nbya n- nEarth nhad ncooled nenough nfor nouter nlayers nto nsolidify nand noceans nto nform
-between n4 nand n3.5 nbya n- nLife nemerged
What norganisms, nand nprocess nthey nperform, nwould nbe nresponsible nfor nthe
naccumulation nof natmospheric noxygen nabout n2.8 nbillion nyears nago? n- nanswer-
Prokaryotes
What nare nprotists? n- nanswer-eukaryotes nthat nare nnot nfungi, nanimals, nor nplants,
mostly nunicellular, nand
ancestral nto nall nother neukaryotes.
Explain nthe ntwo-stage nhypothesis nfor nthe norigin nof nEukaryotic ncells, nand nbe nable nto
ndefine nendosymbiosis. n- nanswer-Symbiosis nis na nmore ngeneral nassociation nbetween
norganisms nof ntwo nor nmore nspecies
-Endosymbiosis: nrefers nto none nspecies nliving ninside nanother nhost nspecies nand
is nthe nprocess nby nwhich neukaryotes ngained nmitochondria nand nchloroplasts.
Understand nhow nprotists ncan nbe nseen nas nthe nlink nbetween nunicellular nand nmulticellular
nlife. n- nanswer--An nancestral ncolony nmay nhave nformed nwhen na ncell ndivided nand
nremained nattached nto noffspring
-Cells nin nthe ncolony nmay nhave nbecome nspecialized nand ninterdependent
-Additional nspecialization nmay nhave nled nto nsex ncells nand nnonereproductive ncells
What nis nthe nfossil nrecord? n- nanswer-Preserved nremains nof npast nlife non nEarth
Be nable nto nexplain nradioisotope ndating n& nhalf-life. n- nanswer--Fossils ncan nbe ndated nusing
nelemental nisotopes nin naccompanying nrock
-Half-life n- nlength nof ntime nrequired nfor nexactly none-half nof noriginal nisotope nto ndecay
We ntalked nabout nseveral nthings nthat ncould naffect nthe nfossil nrecord n& ncreate nbias. n(Table
n22.1), nbe nable nto nidentify nand nexplain nthese nfactors. n- nanswer--Anatomy:hard nbody
-Size: nlarger norganisms
-Number: nGreater nnumber nover nlarger narea
-Environment: nInland nSpecies, naway nfrom nwater
-Time: nExisted nfor nlong nperiod nof ntime
- nGeological nprocess: npreservation nor nnot
-Paleontology: nhow ninteresting nto npaleontologist
How nmany nmass nextinctions nhave nbeen nidentified nin nthe nfossil nrecord? n- nanswer-5
nlarge nmass nextinctions
--Near nend nof nOrdovician, nDevonian, nPermian, nTriassic, nand nCretaceous nperiods
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