ABSC 100 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
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Course
ABSC 100 F
Institution
ABSC 100 F
ABSC 100 Final Exam Questions and
Answers Already Passed
Question: What is the primary focus of behavioral psychology?
Answer: Behavioral psychology focuses on understanding and modifying observable
behaviors through conditioning and reinforcement principles, often emphasizing the role of
...
ABSC 100 Final Exam Questions and
Answers Already Passed
Question: What is the primary focus of behavioral psychology?
Answer: ✔✔ Behavioral psychology focuses on understanding and modifying observable
behaviors through conditioning and reinforcement principles, often emphasizing the role of
environmental factors in shaping behavior.
Question: What are the key differences between classical and operant conditioning?
Answer: ✔✔ Classical conditioning involves learning through association between stimuli (e.g.,
Pavlov’s dogs), while operant conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments
(e.g., Skinner’s operant chamber). Classical conditioning associates an involuntary response with
a stimulus, whereas operant conditioning modifies voluntary behaviors based on consequences.
Question: What is cognitive dissonance, and how does it affect behavior?
Answer: ✔✔ Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual experiences discomfort from
holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes. This discomfort often leads to changes in beliefs or
behaviors to reduce the inconsistency and achieve a state of balance.
Question: How do social learning theories explain behavior acquisition?
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,Answer: ✔✔ Social learning theories suggest that people acquire behaviors through observation
and imitation of others, especially those seen as role models, as well as through direct
reinforcement and punishment.
Question: What is the role of the limbic system in emotion regulation?
Answer: ✔✔ The limbic system, including structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus,
plays a crucial role in processing and regulating emotions, memory formation, and responses to
emotionally charged stimuli.
Question: What are the main principles of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Answer: ✔✔ Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposes that individuals are motivated by a series of
needs arranged in a hierarchy: physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs,
esteem needs, and self-actualization. Higher-level needs become important only after lower-level
needs are fulfilled.
Question: How does the concept of reinforcement differ between positive and negative
reinforcement?
Answer: ✔✔ Positive reinforcement involves providing a reward to increase the likelihood of a
behavior being repeated, while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to
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,encourage the behavior. Both aim to strengthen desired behaviors but use different methods to do
so.
Question: What are some common defense mechanisms identified in psychoanalytic theory?
Answer: ✔✔ Common defense mechanisms include repression (burying distressing thoughts),
denial (refusing to accept reality), projection (attributing one’s own undesirable feelings to
others), and rationalization (justifying actions with logical but false explanations).
Question: How does Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development describe the impact of social
interactions on personality development?
Answer: ✔✔ Erikson’s theory describes personality development as a series of eight stages, each
characterized by a specific psychosocial conflict that must be resolved for healthy personality
development. Social interactions and experiences at each stage influence personality and identity
formation.
Question: What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Answer: ✔✔ Intrinsic motivation arises from internal factors such as personal satisfaction or
interest in the task itself, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or pressures,
such as money, praise, or avoiding punishment.
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, Question: What is the significance of the Stanford prison experiment in understanding social
behavior?
Answer: ✔✔ The Stanford prison experiment demonstrated how situational factors and assigned
roles can influence behavior, leading to dehumanization and abusive actions, highlighting the
impact of social roles and authority on behavior.
Question: How does the concept of cognitive biases affect decision-making processes?
Answer: ✔✔ Cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias or anchoring bias, distort judgment and
decision-making by causing individuals to rely on inaccurate or incomplete information, leading
to systematic errors in reasoning and decision-making.
Question: What is the role of neurotransmitters in psychological disorders?
Answer: ✔✔ Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons. Imbalances
in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin or dopamine, are associated with various psychological
disorders, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.
Question: How does the concept of self-efficacy influence behavior and motivation?
Answer: ✔✔ Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific
tasks or challenges. Higher self-efficacy can enhance motivation, persistence, and performance,
while lower self-efficacy can lead to avoidance of challenges and reduced effort.
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