Saint Cloud State University (SCSU) Anatomy Lab Exam 2
(Schoenfuss) Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
pupil - ✔️✔️the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
Sclera - ✔️✔️white of the eye
retina - ✔️✔️Light sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones
anterior chamber - ✔️✔️space between cornea and iris
aqueous humor - ✔️✔️fluid in the eye, found between the cornea and the lens
iris - ✔️✔️a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil
and controls the size of the pupil opening
suspensory ligaments - ✔️✔️a fibrous membrane that holds the lens of the eye in place
ciliary body - ✔️✔️ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle
and ciliary processes
lens - ✔️✔️the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images
on the retina
posterior chamber - ✔️✔️between the lens and retina and contains vitreous humor
vitrous humor - ✔️✔️jelly like, maintains eye shape and optical properties
fovia centralis - ✔️✔️the area of the retina that contains the greatest concentration of cones (b)
macula densa - ✔️✔️a yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones and that
mediates clear detailed vision. aka macula lutea (lit: "yellow spots")
optic disc - ✔️✔️Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the
blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus
insensitive to light.
synarthrotic - ✔️✔️Immovable joints, bones are connected by fibrous tissue or cartilage aka
synarthrosis
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis - ✔️✔️3 functional classifications of joints
Amphiarthrotic - ✔️✔️Slightly movable joints. Ex) intervertebral discs between vertebrae
diarthrotic - ✔️✔️freely movable joints
Ex. synovial joints
synovial joints - ✔️✔️created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions
pivot joint - ✔️✔️rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and
humerus
ball and socket joint - ✔️✔️hip and shoulder joints
saddle joint - ✔️✔️type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
plane joint - ✔️✔️short slipping or gliding movements; i.e. carpals
hinge joint - ✔️✔️Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only
one plane
condyloid joint - ✔️✔️type of diarthrosis in which one articulating bone surface is an oval,
convex shape, and the other is a reciprocally shaped concave surface (ex: wrist, atlas)
Ligaments - ✔️✔️attaches bone to bone
Bursae - ✔️✔️flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film
of synovial fluid
Meniscus of the knee - ✔️✔️fibrocartilage crescents that pad the joint (ex: knee)
intervertebral discs - ✔️✔️fibrocartilage pads that separate and cushion the vertebrae
sesamoid bone - ✔️✔️round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)
Ligament of femoral head - ✔️✔️ligament of the head of the femur aka ligamentum teres
Achilles tendon - ✔️✔️attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone aka calcaneal
tendon
cruciate ligaments - ✔️✔️ligaments that cross each other, forming an X within the notch
between the femoral condyles
Anterior Cruciate Ligament - ✔️✔️AKA "ACL". A ligament in the knee that attaches to the
anterior aspect of the tibial plateau. restricting anterior movement of the tibia on the femur.
Crosses the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL).
Posterior Cruciate Ligament - ✔️✔️AKA "PCL." Ligament which prevents posterior
displacement and has medial-to-lateral attachment on the tibia. Crosses the Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL).
collateral ligaments - ✔️✔️Ligaments that run along the sides of the knee and limit sideways
motion
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) - ✔️✔️a ligament that attaches to the femur and the fibula;
maintains stability of the lateral aspect of the knee joint
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) - ✔️✔️a flat longitudinal band found on the medial side of
the knee joint
patellar ligament - ✔️✔️connects the tibial tuberosity to the quadriceps tendon
medial meniscus - ✔️✔️Cartilage in the knee between the femoral condyle and the medial
tibial plateau
lateral meniscus - ✔️✔️cartilage in the knee between the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral
tibial plateau
prepatellar bursa - ✔️✔️fluid-filled sac between the skin and the patella
infrapatellar bursa - ✔️✔️fluid filled sac between proximal end of tibia and patellar ligament
posterior meniscofemoral ligament - ✔️✔️joins the lateral meniscus to the PCL and the medial
femoral condyle
dorsal root - ✔️✔️the sensory branch of each spinal nerve. (PNS)
ganglion - ✔️✔️a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by
synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber. (PNS)
ventral root - ✔️✔️the basal branch of each spinal nerve; carries motor neurons (PNS)
spinal nerves - ✔️✔️a peripheral nerve attached to the spinal cord
nerve plexus - ✔️✔️network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves
cervical plexus - ✔️✔️C1-C5
supplies neck and phrenic nerve to the diaphragm
brachial plexus - ✔️✔️C5-C8, T1, network of interlacing nerves found in the upper arm area
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