Rationale: Heparin and warfarin are both anticoagulants that decrease the clotting ability of the blood
and
help prevent thrombosis formation in the blood vessels. However, these medications work in
different ways to achieve therapeutic coagulation and must be given together until therapeutic
levels of anticoagulation can be achieved by warfarin alone, which is usually within 1 to 5 days.
When the client's PT and INR are within therapeutic range, the heparin can be discontinued
a detached retina and is preoperative for a surgical repair - ANSWER-A. Phenylephrine
Rationale: Mydriatic medications, such as phenylephrine, are used preoperatively to dilate pupils to
facilitate intraocular surgery
a duodenal ulcer about his new prescription for cimetidine - ANSWER-"Your doctor might need to
reduce your theophylline dose while taking this medication."
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client that the provider might need to reduce his theophylline
dose due to the possibility of increased medication levels
A nurse is caring for client who has sepsis and a prescription for vancomycin 1 g in 250 mL dextrose 5%
(D5W)
over 2 hr by IV intermittent bolus. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr?
(Round the
answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
125 mL/hr - ANSWER-STEP 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mL/hr
STEP 2: What is the volume the nurse should infuse? 250 mL
STEP 3: What is the total infusion time? 2 hr
STEP 4: Should the nurse convert the units of measurement? Yes (min does not equal
hr)
60 min/30 min = 1 hr/X hr
X = 0.5 hr
STEP 5: Set up an equation and solve for X.
Volume (mL)/Time (hr) = X mL/hr
250 mL/2 hr = X mL/hr
, Ati pharmocology Detailed Answer Key
(SIMPLE VERSION)
X = 125
STEP 6: Round if necessary.
STEP 7: Reassess to determine whether the amount to administer makes sense. If the
prescription reads vancomycin 1 g in 250 mL (D5W) over 2 hr by IV intermittent bolus, it
makes sense to administer 125 mL/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver
vancomycin 1 g in 250 mL D5W at 125 mL/hr
A nurse is caring for four clients. After administering morning medications, she realizes that the
nifedipine
prescribed for one client was inadvertently administered to another client. Which of the following
actions should the
nurse take first?
B. Check the client's vital signs.
Rationale: The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. The
nurse should know that the action of nifedipine is to lower blood pressure. Immediately upon
realizing the error, the nurse should check the client's vital signs (especially the client's blood
pressure) to ensure that the client is not hypotensive as a result. Only after ensuring that the
client is safe and has stable vital signs should the nurse take other action - ANSWER-A. Notify the client's
provider.
Rationale: The nurse should notify the client's provider to inform her of the event; however, there is
another action the nurse should take first
C. Fill out an occurrence form.
Rationale: The nurse should fill out an occurrence form to report the event to hospital personnel;
however,
there is another action the nurse should take first.
D. Administer the medication to the correct client.
Rationale: The nurse should administer the medication to the correct client to fulfill the provider's
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