ECU EHST 2110 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
Overgrazing - ANSWER - When livestock managers grow herds to unsustainable sizes, the
most significant factor in soil degradation; 5% is severely degraded restoration impossible.
Deforestation - ANSWER - permanent decline in crown cover trees to < 10% of the original
extent. 3 main reasons deforestation occurs: clearing for agricultural (largest single cause)
production, gathering wood for fuel, commercial lumbering. Deforestation rates increased in the
Amazon by 40% in the early 2000s (palm oil production). 50% of all wood cut globally is used
for fuel; 90% of people in low-middle income countries are facing scarcity for fuel.
Desertification- - ANSWER - land degradation in arid, semiarid, dry sub humid, areas resulting
from various activities including climate variation and human activities. Over 1 billion people in
over 100 countries are affected through health and or the economy. EX: water holes where
nearby pastrues are heavily grazed and trampled, towns where people denude land in search
for firewood.
List the 3 requirements for land to be considered wetlands - ANSWER - wetland soil, wetland
hydrology, and wetland vegetation
Natural causes for loss of wetlands - ANSWER - erosion, land subsidence, storms, salt water
intrusions (EX: hurricanes)
1985 Swamp buster provision - ANSWER - loss of federal benefit if they drain more wetlands.
Biological diversity - ANSWER - ecological stability, loss of plant species equates to a potential
loss of food or medicinal benefits from species
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976- - ANSWER - Defines which wastes
are hazardous, track movement of wastes, set performance standards to be met by owners,
issue permits for operation, help states develop hazardous waste management programs
, Superfund/ Comprehensive Environmental Response, compensation, and liability act- -
ANSWER - 1.6 billion for a 5 year period for emergency cleanup of the long term containment of
hazardous waste dumpsites.
Pest - ANSWER - any organism or microbe that adversely affects human interest EX: pigeons,
rats , weeds, pathogens, insects
List examples of how humans have impacted wildlife habitats - ANSWER - 23% of animal
extinctions in the past 400 years are due to hunting
Coral collectors destroying coral
Poachers : commercial game hunting for bushmeat
Biggest contributor is habitat destruction
Describe how invasive species can be harmful to humans and other animals - ANSWER -
Invasive species cause $137 billion annually in direct damages or in expenditures to control
them. Over 6000 exotic plant and animals now established in the US
Invasive Alien species are the most dangerous, they lack predators in their new habitat- when
two species are competing for the same environment only 1 will survive; no diversification
(competitive exclusion)
Past Methods of Municipal Waste Management - ANSWER - garbage feed to hogs,Dumping
MSWs into nearest bodies of water,Dumping MSWs at Sea, open dumping
Features of Sanitary Landfilling - ANSWER - cheap and more accepted than open dumping::
refuse is spread in thin layers and compacted by bulldozers, covered in dirt to prevent odor,
when full it is covered and turned into recreational facility: most economical of all legal options,
but have the potential to contaminate streams
Features of Bio Reactors - ANSWER - Landfill design that recirculates leachate to facilitate
microbial growth, recirculation of air and leachate accelerates decomposition, they have longer
life spans because of these features.
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