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BBH 101 Final Exam Study Guide Latest Update 2024 (Answered Questions)
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BBH 101 Final Exam Study Guide Latest Update 2024 (Answered Questions)
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BBH 101 Final Exam Study Guide LatestUpdate 2024 (Answered Questions)
chronic pain - Correct Answer✅ refers to pain that lasts for a
prolonged period of time, and over 100 million Americans are
suffering with it
Very common medical problem - Correct Answer✅ - It is the
most common reason for Americans to seek medical
treatment, often manifesting as low back pain, headache (or
migraine) pain, or neck pain.
- Indeed, chronic pain is one of the most troublesome
problems we face today as it leads to hundreds of billions of
dollars lost each year due to treatment costs and lost
productivity.
- also has made potent analgesic medications commonplace,
along with the abuse and addiction issues that are
inseparable from these drugs.
Pain physiology overview - Correct Answer✅ -Pain signals
start at receptors situated throughout your body that are
specialized to detect things like tissue damage or other
events related to injury
- (Nociceptors ->spinal cord -> somatosensory cortex) order
of pains signals from body to pain
,BBH 101 Final Exam Study Guide Latest
Update 2024 (Answered Questions)
Nociceptors - Correct Answer✅ receptors that send a signal
along neurons that travel to the spinal cord.
spinal cord - Correct Answer✅ Nerves that run up and down
the length of the back and transmit most messages between
the body and brain
somatosensory cortex - Correct Answer✅ deals primarily with
bodily sensations, and so it is here that the pain signals arrive
to alert your brain to some potentially dangerous stimulus in
the environment
Factors that influence pain - Correct Answer✅ age, gender,
SES, culture factors
Age - Correct Answer✅ Older individuals report pain more
frequently. This may be due to declining overall health, the
increased likelihood of suffering from other conditions that
might cause pain, or decreased coping ability.
,BBH 101 Final Exam Study Guide Latest
Update 2024 (Answered Questions)
Gender - Correct Answer✅ Females report pain more
frequently than males; they also are inclined to rate pain as
more intense than a male would. It is unclear, however, if
women actually experience pain more than men. It may also
be the case that men are just more reluctant to talk about the
pain they experience.
A variety of sociocultural factors may also play a role in the
experience of pain.
Socioeconomic Factors - Correct Answer✅ Low
socioeconomic status (SES), for example, is linked to
increased pain frequency and intensity. There may be a
number of reasons for this association, as people with low
SES often have poorer medical care, fewer resources to utilize
to cope with pain, and increased levels of stress, which may
exacerbate chronic pain.
Cultural Factors - Correct Answer✅ Cultural factors may also
influence the way one experiences pain. Different cultures
and societies have established norms for how open people
should be about the pain they experience, and this causes
people to perceive pain differently. For example, for those
who live on an island in the South Pacific called Yap, the pain
, BBH 101 Final Exam Study Guide Latest
Update 2024 (Answered Questions)
of childbirth is greatly de-emphasized. Yap women will often
continue their daily activities until the point that labor begins;
then they will stop to have the baby and return to their daily
activities soon after. The event is viewed as somewhat
commonplace, and pain isn't given a large role to play in it.
Thus, the cultural influence on pain can clearly be significant
if it can diminish the pain involved in an experience like
childbirth.
Treatment for Pain - Correct Answer✅ NSAIDs and Opioid
Analgesics
NSAIDs - Correct Answer✅ -medication that exerts analgesic
and anti-inflammatory actions
-most popular over-the-counter medications used to treat
pain
- includes aspirin and ibuprofen
Inhibit cyclooxygenase (why does this help with
pain/inflammation?) - Correct Answer✅ - NSAIDs work by
lowering levels of lipid compounds called prostaglandins,
which are involved in the inflammatory response.
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