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BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AMBIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
Animals - ✔️✔️Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - ✔️✔️Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - ✔️✔️Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - ✔️✔️Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - ✔️✔️Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - ✔️✔️Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - ✔️✔️Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - ✔️✔️Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic tissues)
Ectoderm - ✔️✔️Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - ✔️✔️Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube (aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - ✔️✔️Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - ✔️✔️Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - ✔️✔️All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
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, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AM
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - ✔️✔️Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - ✔️✔️Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes
metamorphosis
Juvenile - ✔️✔️Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - ✔️✔️535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of many
animal major groups
Hox Genes - ✔️✔️Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an arm)
Protosome - ✔️✔️Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - ✔️✔️Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - ✔️✔️Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - ✔️✔️Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - ✔️✔️Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the body of
the sponge
Spicules - ✔️✔️Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - ✔️✔️Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - ✔️✔️Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa
Nematocysts - ✔️✔️Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the microscopic venomous
spines on the tentacle
Lophotrochozoa - ✔️✔️Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure called a
lophophore and a Ciliated larva called trocophore
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