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BBH 101 Exam 2 Study GUIDE questions with verified answers
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BBH 101 Exam 2 Study GUIDE questions with verified answers
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BBH 101 Exam 2 Study GUIDE questionswith verified answers
Types of Risk Factors - ANSWER: ➡ modifiable (controllable)
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non-modifiable (incontrllable) m
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for disease? - ANSWER: ➡ a. Jim has a
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family history of lung cancer
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b. Jim is a smoker himself
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c. Jim has a genetic predisposition toward addictive behavior
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B. The only thing that Jim can change is his own smoking status. The other risk factors are all
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non-modifiable.
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Identify non-modifiable risk factors - ANSWER: ➡ age
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sex
race
family history m
Risk factors that are not the focus of a study must be... - ANSWER: ➡ controlled for
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Researchers in an experiment that explores the relationship between smoking and lung
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cancer statistically control for age. What does it mean that they control for age? - ANSWER:
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➡ Controlling for a variable means you are statistically reducing or removing the influence
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of the variable on a relationship between the main independent and dependent variable. If
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these researchers want to investigate whether or not smoking increases rates of lung cancer,
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they may want to control for age because age would act as a confounding variable. Age itself
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increases the risk of developing lung cancer, so the influence of age would inflate the risk of
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,lung cancer among older individuals. Controlling for age allows one to examine whether
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smoking increases the risk of lung cancer independently of age.
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What is the main risk factor for major diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes,
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and Alzheimer's disease? - ANSWER: ➡ age
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What two factors are associated with family history? - ANSWER: ➡ lifestyle and
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environment
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Give an example of programmed aging - ANSWER: ➡ telomeres getting longer overtime
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Give examples of accumulative aging - ANSWER: ➡ DNA damage, build-up of waste
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productions, and damage due to free radicals
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Why are there disparities between men and women? - ANSWER: ➡ reasons for disparities
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are often unclear and vary depending on condition but a speculated reason is that women go
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to the doctor more
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Why are there disparities among races? - ANSWER: ➡ Reasons are neither clear nor
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consistent but may involve genetic factors, cultural differences, differences in socioeconomic
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status, etc.
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What is the goal of prevention? - ANSWER: ➡ to extend life span and compress morbidity
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What are the three types of prevention? - ANSWER: ➡ primary
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secondary
tertiary
Describe primary prevention. - ANSWER: ➡ a person is healthy but may be at risk for a
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disease and is taking steps to avoid developing the disease
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, ex. exercising
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Describe secondary prevention. - ANSWER: ➡ a person is sick (has a disease) and may be
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unaware and the goal is to detect the disease in its early stage
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ex. screenings
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Describe tertiary prevention. - ANSWER: ➡ a person is known to have a disease and tries to
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manage the disease in an effort to reduce the impact of the disease
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ex. monitoring blood sugar for diabetics
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Julia just turned 50 years old, so her doctor recommended she begin getting screened for
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colon cancer every year. Colon cancer screening involves attempting to identify cancer in a
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patient who is unaware they have it. Colon cancer screening is what type of prevention? -
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ANSWER: ➡ Screening involves attempting to identify a disease in an individual who is not
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overtly sick (and who is not aware they are sick). This is a type of secondary prevention, as
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secondary prevention involves either identifying disease in someone who does not yet have
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any symptoms or is in the very early stages of the disease (and usually unaware they have a
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disease). The benefit of identifying disease this early is that the patient can begin treatment
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earlier and potentially stop the disease from having a large impact.
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Tom was diagnosed with diabetes several years ago. His symptoms have begun to worsen
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and his doctor recommends he begin taking metformin, a medication that lowers his blood
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glucose levels, to reduce the risk of serious complications occurring. This is what type of
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prevention? - ANSWER: ➡ Tom knows he has diabetes and has for several years. This type of
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prevention involves trying to prevent serious complications of the disease, thus it would fall
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under the category of tertiary prevention.
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What is the purpose of theories of health behavior? - ANSWER: ➡ they are an attempt to
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understand and predict how/why people change behavior in regard to health
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What is the health belief model (HBM)? - ANSWER: ➡ decisions about health behavior that
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are based perceived susceptibility, perceived severity of health threat (ex. death or rash),
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perceived benefits and barriers of action (pros and cons), and cues to action (external
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messages)
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