9.1-Chemotherapeutics of Antimicrobials
Terms in this set (141)
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classification of antimicrobials is based on their _____ and _____
site and MOA
bactericidal/fungicidal drug
kills sensitive organisms so that the number of bacteria/fungus fall quickly after taking the drug
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bacteriostatic/fungistatic
inhibit growth of bacteria/fungus but does not kill them (number remains constant), and then a
functioning immune system can eliminate the microorganisms
narrow-spectrum drugs
active against a single species or limited group
extended-spectrum drugs
intermediate range of activity (usually newer generations of a drug that adds more activity than earlier
generation)
%
*typically to gram-negative organisms
broad-spectrum drugs
active against a wide range of pathogens
(use can drastically alter normal body flora->superinfections)
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
lowest concentration of a drug that inhibits microbial growth
*based on MIC, microbes classified as susceptible, intermediate sensitivity, or resistant to a particular
drug)
concentration-dependent killing rate (CDKR)
the rate and extent of microorganism killing are a function of the antimicrobial concentration (increase
as the concentration increases)
post antibiotic effect (PAE)
after a microbe is removed from a culture, evidence of a persistent effect might exist
microbial sensitivity to drugs can be determined by what 3 laboratory tests?
1. broth dilution test
2. E test method
3. disk diffusion method
, STUVIA
*all determine sensitivity by classifying the microbe as susceptible, intermediate sensitivity, or
resistant to a drug
what is empiric therapy
the use of antimicrobial drugs before the identification of the infecting microorganism and its drug
susceptibility determined (go based off vibes and full send antibiotics without knowing bacteria)
when is empiric therapy used?
- frequently
- diagnosis is clear (expect quick response to therapy)
- diagnosis is unclear or severe threat
what is prophylactic therapy
prevention of infection
- sterilize diagnostic and surgical instruments
- disinfectants on surfaces
- disinfectants on skin and mucus membranes
- sometimes to prevent disease transmission
what is an antibiotic?
derived from a microorganism that can inhibit growth or kill another microorganism (ex:penicillin or
%
*drugs will harm bacteria and not host (patient)
selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy depends on
- organism identity
- drug susceptibility
- site of infection
- patient factors
- safety of drug
- cost of therapy
reasons for antimicrobial failure
- inaccurate dx
- resistant microorganism
- inadequate drug dosage
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