Chapter 14 Flexibility Training Concepts
The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for a full range of motion of a joint. - ✔✔Flexibility
Capability to be elongated or stretched. - ✔✔Extensibility
Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely. - ✔✔Mobility
The body's connective tissue that includes muscles and fascia. - ✔✔Myofascial
The process in which the body seeks the path of least resistance during functional movements. -
✔✔Relative flexibility
The collective components and structures that work together to move the body; muscular, skeletal,
and nervous systems. - ✔✔Human movement system (HMS)
Tissue connecting, supporting, and surrounding bodily structures and organs. - ✔✔Soft tissue
The flexibility portion - ✔✔Which portion of a client's exercise program should be designed first?
predictable patterns of muscle imbalances - ✔✔Postural distortion patterns
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when muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships. - ✔✔Muscle
imbalance
The synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint. -
✔✔Force-couple relationships
Movement of a limb that is visible. - ✔✔Osteokinematic
The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin. -
✔✔Arthokinematics
When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory
signal allowing it to lengthen. - ✔✔Reciprocal inhibition
Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist. -
✔✔Altered reciprocal inhibition
, When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction. -
✔✔Overactive
When a muscle is ex - ✔✔Underactive
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over function for a weal or
inhibited prime mover (agonist). - ✔✔Synergistic dominance
When a muscle's resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce. -
✔✔Altered length- tension relationship
The ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct muscles to produce force, reduce force, and
dynamically stabilize the body's structure in all three planes of motion. - ✔✔Neuromuscular efficiency
Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change. -
✔✔Muscle spindle
A division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord. - ✔✔Central nervous
system
Neurological signal from the muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening. - ✔✔Stretch reflex
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A specialized sensory receptor located at the point here skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons
of skeletal muscle; sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change. - ✔✔Golgi
tendon organ (GTO)
The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause
muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles. - ✔✔Autogenic inhibition
When a muscle is lengthened, a cascade of neurological reactions occur that allows the muscle to be
stretched. - ✔✔Lengthening reaction
A type of stretch where the muscle is passively lengthened to the point of tension and held for a
sustained amount of time. - ✔✔Static stretching
Synergistic dominance - ✔✔What term refers to the neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when
synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover (agonist)?
Consistently repeating the same pattern off motion over long periods of time that can lead to
dysfunction or injury. - ✔✔Pattern overload
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