Topics include: Limits, Limits at Infinity, Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT), Infinite Limits, Average Rate of Change, Instantaneous Rate of Change, Definition of a Derivate, Basic Derivative Rules, Special Derivatives, Inverse Functions, Derivative of Inverse Functions, L'Hospital's Rule, Linear A...
AP CALCULUS AB
FULL YEAR NOTES 2023-2024
INSTRUCTOR: Condarco
1st 9 weeks
Limits
Direct substitution - go to
● Can’t be used if we get 0 in the denominator
○ Substitute the limit # for x in the equation
Factoring - rationals
● Factor the equation, delete like terms, substitute # for x
Multiplying by conjugate - radicals
● Multiply numerator to fraction so denominator =/= 0, simplify equation, substitute #
for x
Piecewise
● Find left limit (-), find right limit (+)
Combining fractions
● Combine fractions, delete like terms, substitute # for x
Removable discontinuity: hole
Non-removable discontinuity: jump or asymptote
1
, Limits at Infinity
Only consider terms with the biggest exponent
Case 1: bigger exponent on bottom
● HA: y=0
Case 2: bigger exponent on top
● slant/oblique asymptote
● Use long division
● Ignore any remainder
○ Slope of slant asymptote pos: infinity=infinity, neg infinity=neg infinity
○ Slope of slant asymptote neg: infinity=neg infinity, neg infinity=infinity
Case 3: exponents are equal
● Divide leading coefficients
Radicals
2
● When rational functions have 𝑥 , there are often 2 horizontal asymptotes
IVT-Intermediate Value Theorem
● If f is continuous on [a,b], f(a)=/=f(b), and k is any number in (f(a),f(b)), then there's a
c between (a,b) that equals f(c)=k
Infinite Limits
● Can be infinity, negative infinity, or DNE
○ Use left limit and right limits to solve
2
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