released to kidney and makes kidney hold onto h20
t t t t t t t t
serum osmolarity - ANSWER: ➡ Na X2
t t t tt t t t
275-295
low=fluid overloaded t
high=concentrated
SIADH CAUSES - ANSWER: ➡ oat cell carcinoma (bronchogenic CA)-makes its own ADH
t t t tt t t t t t t t t
Viral PNA t
Head Problem t
inc. serum osmo, anesthesia, analgesics, stress
t t t t t
COMPLICATIONS OF SIADH - ANSWER: ➡ Sz's t t t t tt t
TREATMENT of SIADH - ANSWER: ➡ get rid of causes t t t t tt t t t t
fluid restrictions
t
hypertonic solutions (3%, D5NS, D51/2NS) give 25-50cc/hr d/t CHF
t t t t t t t t
,DI - ANSWER: ➡ No ADH (no h20 at kidney)
t t tt t t t t t t
inc Na+ levels, inc osmolarity, inc. UOP (spec grav 1.001-1.005)
t t t t t t t t t
DI Causes - ANSWER: ➡ head problems
t t t tt t t
dilantin
DI Treatment - ANSWER: ➡ Give ADH (PItressin or vasopressin)
t t t tt t t t t t
Give fluids to increase Intravascular volume
t t t t t
monitor UOP t
*monitor fo ischemia t t
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER: ➡ CVS s/s t t tt t t
tachycardia, palpitations, diaphoresis, irritable, restlessness t t t t
CNS s/s t
confusion, lethargy, slurred speech, sz, coma t t t t t
hypoglycemia pathophys - ANSWER: ➡ low glucose->adrenal medulla knows and releases t t t tt t t t t t t
adrenaline->liver releases glycogen which is converted into glucose to increase BGL
t t t t t t t t t t t
if block in adrenaline or liver cant convert glycogen into glucose (AKA BETA BLOCKERS) then
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
CVS s/s wont occur
t t t t
DKA s/s - ANSWER: ➡ only in insulin dependent diabetics
t t t tt t t t t t
BGL 400-900 t
dehydrated (4-6L lost) t t
No circulating insulin
t t
+acidosis b/c body breaks down fat into ketones t t t t t t t
, Kussmaul (inc rate depth to blow off c02) t t t t t t t
DKA and HHNK treatment - ANSWER: ➡ insulin gtt
t t t t t tt t t
IVF (more for HHNK)
t t t
NS 1st- to hydrate vascular compartment
t t t t t
1/2NS to hydrate cell t t t
D51/2NS to prevent hypoglycemia t t t
**for every decrease in pH by 0.1, K+increases by 0.6
t t t t t t t t t
HHNK vulnerable population - ANSWER: ➡ OLD AGE (pancrease gets tired)
t t t t tt t t t t t
diet controlled diabetics
t t
people on TPN (gets 80% glucose IV->pancreatic fatigue
t t t t t t t
pancreatitis
HHNK s/s - ANSWER: ➡ BGL 1000-2000
t t t tt t t
Severe dehydration (6-8L lost) t t t
+insulin (prevents breakdown of fat) t t t t
No acidosis (baby breaths)
t t t
somogyi phenomenon - ANSWER: ➡ Rapid decrease in serum glucose, usually at night, that
t t t tt t t t t t t t t t
generates the release of glucose-elevating hormones that manifests as an elevated glucose level
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
in the morning.
t t t
dehydration is not a component of this t t t t t t
NPH peak - ANSWER: ➡ 6-10 hrs
t t t tt t t
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Fordenken. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.