Water-Hammer (Corrigan Pulse) 3+ - correct answer -greater than normal
force, then collapses suddenly.
-associated with aortic valve regurgitation and patent ductus arterioles
Pulsus Bigeminus - correct answer rhythm coupled, every other beat comes
early, or normal beat followed by premature beat; force of premature beach decreased because of the
shortened cardiac filling
Pulsus Alternans - correct answer rhythm regular but force varies, with
alternating beats of large and small amplitude
Pulsus Paradoxus - correct answer beats have weaker amplitude with
inspiration, stronger with expiration; best determined during blood pressure measurement; reading
decreases (,10 mmHg) during inspiration and increases with expiration
Pulsus Bisferiens - correct answer each pulse has 2 strong systolic peak with a
dip in between, best assessed at the carotid artery
Raynaud Phenomenon - correct answer episodes of abrupt tricolor of skin in
response to cold
1-pallor
2-cyanotic
3-rubor
(may have numbness or pain in the pallor/cyanotic phase, and then swelling/throbbing/burning in the
rubor phase- lasts minutes to hours, smoking increases symptoms)
, Lymphedema - correct answer high-protein swelling of the limb- most
commonly caused by breast cancer treatment. Happens with removal of surgical removal of lymph
nodes.
Arterial (ischemic) Ulcer - correct answer -pale, ischemic base
Superficial Varicose Veins - correct answer -result of increased venous
pressure and incompetent valves
-3x more common in women
-color: red/blue/purple
-aching, heaviness in calf, restless legs, burning, throbbing, cramping
-dilated/tortuous veins
DVT (deep vein thrombosis) - correct answer -deep vein occluded by a
thrombus, causes inflammation, blocked venous return, cyanosis, and edema.
-Virchow triad:
1. stasis
2. hypercoaguability
3. endothelial dysfunction
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