NUR 3145 Ch 3 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 3145
Institution
NUR 3145
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply appropriately describes:
a. physiologic atrophy. b. pathologic atrophy. c. hypertrophy. d. hyperplasia. b. pathologic atrophy.
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased use. Physiologic atrophy usually occurs early in dev...
NUR 3145 Ch 3 Review Questions and
Correct Answers
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply appropriately describes:
a. physiologic atrophy.
b. pathologic atrophy.
c. hypertrophy.
d. hyperplasia. ✅b. pathologic atrophy.
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased use. Physiologic atrophy
usually occurs early in development; for example, the thymus gland atrophies during
childhood. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in the
number of cells
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another is:
a. metaplasia.
b. hyperplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. atypical hyperplasia. ✅a. metaplasia.
The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by another. Hyperplasia is
an increase in the number of cells, not a change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to
as atypical hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization
of cells.
The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and affect the nervous and
hematopoietic systems is a characteristic of:
a. carbon monoxide.
b. carbon tetrachloride.
c. lead.
d. mercury. ✅c. lead.
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and may also become a
calcium substitute. It affects the hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and
pottery. Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry cleaning, is converted into a highly
toxic free radical that damages the liver. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiate gas that
interrupts respiration. Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like
Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis.
, A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is
diagnosed with a condition referred to as a(n):
a. epidural hematoma.
b. contusion.
c. subdural hematoma.
d. abrasion. ✅a. epidural hematoma.
An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and
the dura. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the surface of the dura
and the brain. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue.
Abrasion is a scrape caused by removal of the superficial layers of the skin.
A tear or rip of the skin with a jagged and irregular edge is described as a(n):
a. abrasion.
b. incision.
c. laceration.
d. avulsion. ✅c. laceration.
Lacerations occur when the tensile strength of the skin is exceeded. An incision is a
precise cut with an instrument that leaves regular clean edges. In a laceration, edges
are often jagged and irregular. An abrasion results from the removal of the superficial
layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin and the injuring object. An
avulsion is an injury in which an area of tissue is pulled away, creating a flap.
A characteristic of a stab wound includes:
a. the injury is deeper than it is long.
b. the injury is longer than it is deep.
c. there is a broken bone.
d. there is significant crush injury. ✅a. the injury is deeper than it is long.
The injury is deeper than it is long. There is little crush injury because the object used is
sharp and it makes a clean entrance. An injury that is longer than it is deep is
considered an incised wound. A broken bone is a fracture.
The appropriate term for fragments of burning or unburned pieces
of gunpowder that are embedded in the epidermis is:
a. exit wound.
b. stippling.
c. blowback.
d. tattooing. ✅d. tattooing.
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