Basic Human Nutrition Final (HLTH 230) Exam Study
Questions with 100% Verified Complete Correct
Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025
Why people choose foods - Correct Answer Habit, Ethnic heritage or tradition, Social Interactions,
Availability, Convenience and Economy, Positive and negative associations, Emotions, Values,
Bodyweight and image, Nutrition and health benefits
Functional foods - Correct Answer foods that contain physiologically active compounds that provide
health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions
ex. tomatoes
Phytochemicals - Correct Answer non nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that have
biological activity in the body
ex. fortified foods
Nutriton - Correct Answer the study of nutrients and other biologically active compounds in foods
and in the body; sometimes also the study of human behaviours related to food
Diet - Correct Answer the foods (including beverages) a person eats and drinks
6 classes of nutrients - Correct Answer carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Malnutrition - Correct Answer any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient
intake or by an imbalance of nutrients
Undernutrition - Correct Answer nutrient or energy deficiencies
Overnutrition - Correct Answer nutrient or energy excess
Chronic diseases - Correct Answer long duration, degeneration diseases characterized by
deterioration of the body organs
Leading causes of death in Canada - Correct Answer 1. cancer
,2. heart disease
3. cerebrovascular disease which are influenced by diet and nutrition
Examples of chronic diseases - Correct Answer heart disease, diabetes, cancer, dental disease, stroke,
adult bone loss
Nutritional genomics - Correct Answer the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and
how genes affect the interactions between diet and disease
Other names for nutritional genomics - Correct Answer molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics
Energy - Correct Answer the capacity to do work
1000 calories equals - Correct Answer 1 kilocalorie
1 kilocalorie - Correct Answer the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water
by 1 degree celsius
Macronutrients - Correct Answer required in large amounts per day
Micronutrients - Correct Answer required in small amounts per day
Essential Nutrients - Correct Answer nutrients that a person must obtain from food (cannot be made
by body)
Inorganic Nutrients - Correct Answer nutrients that contain no carbon
Organic Nutrients - Correct Answer nutrients that contain carbon
Energy yielding nutrients - Correct Answer nutrients that can be broken down to provide energy to
the body
Types of macronutrients - Correct Answer carbs, protein, lipids, water
,Types of micronutrients - Correct Answer vitamins and minerals
Inorganic nutrients - Correct Answer minerals and water
Organic nutrients - Correct Answer carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins
Non-energy yielding nutrients - Correct Answer vitamins, minerals, water
Energy yielding nutrients - Correct Answer carbs, proteins, lipids
Energy in carbs - Correct Answer 4 cal/g
Energy in fat - Correct Answer 9cal/g
Energy in protein - Correct Answer 4cal/g
% of calories from carbs - Correct Answer 45-65%
% of calories from fat - Correct Answer 20-35%
% of calories from protein - Correct Answer 10-35%
Essential nutrient - Correct Answer a nutrient that a person cannot make in adequate amounts to
sustain life
Non-essential nutrients - Correct Answer does not need to be derived from food bc body can make
enriched foods and fortified foods - Correct Answer foods that have had nutrients added to them (ex.
White bread)
, functional foods - Correct Answer appear similar to conventional foods, consumes as part of the
usual diet, with demonstrated physiological benefits or with the ability to reduce chronic disease
risks beyond basic nutrient functions (ex. Oatmeal)
natural foods - Correct Answer no definition, used in advertisements
super foods - Correct Answer no definition, used in fake advertisements
processed foods - Correct Answer foods subject to any milling, alteration in texture, additives,
cooking or others
nutraceutical - Correct Answer describes a product that has been isolated from food often sold in pill
form (ex. Cod liver oil)
basic foods - Correct Answer vegetables, fruit, milk, meat and grains
Healthy diets include - Correct Answer adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, variety
adequacy - Correct Answer providing the nutrients, fibre and energy in sufficient amounts to
maintain health
balance - Correct Answer providing foods of a number of different types in proportion to each other
(ex. Milks and alternatives)
calorie control - Correct Answer energy with food coming in should balance with the body's energy
requirements
moderation - Correct Answer nothing in excess, providing dietary restrictions while enjoying some
foods on occasion
variety - Correct Answer providing a wide selection of foods
Excuses for not eating well - Correct Answer no time, crave fast food, too little money, like to eat
large portions, take vitamins instead, love sweets
