Biology 114 Final Exam with questions and
answers 2024 new update
1. What happens when a protein is denatured? - ANSWER- It loses its 3-dimensional
structure (shape) and stops functioning normally.
2. Which best defines a gene in the molecular sense of the word? - ANSWER- a
segment of DNA that encodes the primary structure of a protein
3. unsaturated fatty acid - ANSWER-
4. Which of these has "kinky" fatty acid tails, is liquid at room temperature, and is
healthy to eat? - ANSWER- unsaturated fat
5. Most of these are bacteria or fungi. They are vitally important to chemical cycling
because they consume dead material and release simpler nutrients. - ANSWER-
decomposers
6. Like gasoline, ___________________ are mostly made of long chains of carbon and
hydrogen. They are also rich in energy. - ANSWER- triglycerides (fats and oils)
7. Here is a scenario excerpted from a recent post in ScienceNow, a blog produced by
the American Academy for the Advancement of Science. "A drug used for decades to
treat high blood pressure and other conditions has shown promise in a small clinical
trial for autism...
,8. Several lines of evidence suggest that autism interferes with the neurotransmitter
GABA... Bumetanide may enhance the effects of GABA... In a new study,
researchers... recruited 60 autistic children between the ages of 3 and 11 and randomly
assigned them to receive either a daily pill of bumetanide or a placebo. (Neither the
children's parents nor the researchers who assessed the children knew who received
the actual drug.)
9. As a group, those who got bumetanide improved by 5.6 points on a 60-point scale
that's often used to assess behaviors related to autism, the researchers report today in
Translational Psychiatry. That was enough to nudge the group a - ANSWER- Patient's
drug status (bumetanide or placebo) - independent variable
10. 60-point scale used to measure autistic behaviors -
11. dependent variable
12. 30 children who received the drug bumetanide - experimental group
13. 30 children who received a placebo but were otherwise treated the same as those who
got the drug -
14. control group
15. Modern dog breeds all descend from wolves, but through __________________ a
vast range of dog shapes, sizes, and behaviors have been produced. - ANSWER-
artificial selection
16. cholesterol - ANSWER-
17. amino acid - ANSWER-
,18. cells contain a nucleus and other organelles;
19. eukaryote or prokaryote? - ANSWER- eukaryote
20. a plant or animal;
21. eukaryote or prokaryote? - ANSWER- eukaryote
22. cells do not have a nucleus; DNA floats free;
23. eukaryote or prokaryote? - ANSWER- prokaryote
24. protist, such as an amoeba or a seaweed;
25. eukaryote or prokaryote? - ANSWER- eukaryote
26. bacterium;
27. eukaryote or prokaryote? - ANSWER- prokaryote
28. A cell is malfunctioning, causing a health problem. To figure out why the cell has
gone haywire, you would probably need to investigate at the next level "down" and
study the cell's _____________. - ANSWER- molecules and organelles
29. As ___________________ break down, they emit energy, making them very useful
for medical research but also potentially dangerous. - ANSWER- radioactive isotopes
30. Which of the following best describes a scientific theory? - ANSWER- a well-
developed idea that has been tested many times and helps us predict what will happen
and why
, 31. Which kinds of ideas are generally outside the bounds of science / nonscientific in
nature? - ANSWER- Explanations that involve supernatural beings and/or value
judgments
32. In ecosystems, chemicals ___________; energy __________. - ANSWER- Chemicals
are recycled;
33. energy flows through.
34. Na (sodium) becomes a positively charged Na+ ion when it - ANSWER- loses an
outer electron
35. Salt and sugar are both... Hydrophilic or Hydrophilic? - ANSWER- Hydrophilic
36. Oils and waxes are... Hydrophilic or Hydrophilic? - ANSWER- Hydrophobic
37. Carbohydrates have polar regions and therefore are generally... Hydrophilic or
Hydrophilic? - ANSWER- Hydrophilic
38. Substances like the fatty acid tails of lipids are nonpolar and are almost always...
Hydrophilic or Hydrophilic? - ANSWER- Hydrophobic
39. Your body contains well over 10,000 different kinds of __________, which is far
greater than the diversity of the other macromolecule types. These big and oddly
shaped molecules play a huge range of roles including structure, movement, defense,
recognition, and speeding up chemical reactions. - ANSWER- proteins
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