Changes to the prostate gland are __________ as men _______ , and ___________should be performed to evaluate it. correct answers common
age
routine diagnostic procedures
Enlargement of the prostate gland correct answers -> Enlargement of the prostate gland is usually benign and is called...
Changes to the prostate gland are __________ as men _______ , and
___________should be performed to evaluate it. correct answers common
age
routine diagnostic procedures
Enlargement of the prostate gland correct answers -> Enlargement of the prostate
gland is usually benign and is called benign prostatic hypertrophy.
How common is prostate cancer? correct answers Prostate cancer is the most common
type of cancer in men.
Diagnostic procedures for male reproductive disorders that nurses should be
knowledgeable about correct answers --> Prostatic specific antigen
-->Digital rectal exam
-->Transrectal ultrasound
Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) correct answers The PSA measures the amount of a
protein produced by the prostate gland in the bloodstream.
--> The PSA is done on a sample of blood, and its value is reported.
--> A client who has an elevated PSA should undergo a DRE by a provider to validate
the findings.
Digital rectal exam (DRE) correct answers The DRE is done by a provider in an office
or clinic.
-->With the client leaning over the examination table, the provider places a gloved finger
in the client's anus and palpates the posterior portion of the prostate gland through
the rectal wall.
--> If the DRE reveals an abnormality, the location of the potentially cancerous prostate
lesion is determined by ultrasonography and confirmed by a biopsy
Indications for PSA & DRE correct answers Many providers recommend an annual
PSA and DRE on men over 50 to better ensure early detection of prostate cancer.
African-American men and men who have a family history of prostate cancer should
begin screening at an earlier age.
Client Presentation correct answers As men age, their prostate glands enlarge. As the
prostate gland enlarges, it encroaches on the urethra and causes diminished flow and
retention of urine. Blood may also be found in the urine. These symptoms could be
indicative of
BPH or prostate cancer.
, Interpretation of Findings of PSA correct answers An increase in PSA may indicate that
a client has prostatic cancer.
-->expected reference range 2 to 4 ng/mL.
-->elevated if its value is above 4 to 10 ng/mL
Interpretation of Findings of DRE correct answers Abnormal findings during the DRE
include an abnormally large and hard prostate with an irregular shape or lumps.
Transrectal Ultrasound (TR US) correct answers -->With the client in a left, side-lying
position, a probe is inserted into the client's rectum, and sound waves are bounced off
the surface of the prostate gland, providing an image of the gland.
An older adult client is having an annual physical exam at a provider's office. Which of
the following
client findings indicates additional follow up is needed in regard to the prostate gland?
(Select all that apply.)
___ PSA is 4.2 ng/mL.
___DRE reveals an enlarged prostate that is smooth and firm.
___The client reports a weak urine stream.
___The client reports urinating once during the night.
___Smegma is present below the glans of the penis. correct answers X PSA is 4.2
ng/mL.
X The client reports a weak urine stream.
Follow up is indicated for this client because his PSA is above 4.0 ng/mL and he reports
a weak urine stream. An enlarged prostate that is smooth and firm is normal for an older
adult, because the prostate gland enlarges with age. Urinating once during the night is
common in older adults due to redistribution of blood that may have been trapped in
lower
extremities during the day. Smegma is a normal secretion that can accumulate beneath
the glans of the penis if not removed during hygiene.
A client's provider has decided to perform a transrectal ultrasound on him. Which of the
following information is appropriate for the nurse to give the client regarding this
procedure?
A. "This procedure will determine if you have prostate cancer."
B. "The provider will insert a finger into your anus during the procedure."
C. "Sound waves will be used to create a picture of your prostate."
D. "An anesthetic will be used prior to insertion of the biopsy needle." correct answers
C. "Sound waves will be used to create a picture of your prostate."
A TRUS is done using sound waves to create a picture of the prostate gland. It is done
by introducing a transducer into the client's rectum and bouncing sound waves off the
prostate
to determine the presence of lumps or irregularities. This procedure cannot determine if
a client has prostate cancer. Only a biopsy of the tissue can make this determination.
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